Mammary gland involution is a physiological process that follows lactation and results in the rapid disappearance of the entire lobulo-alveolar compartment. Coincident with the onset of involution, milk protein gene expression ceases and alveolar cells undergo programmed cell death. In mammary epithelial tissue culture cells in vitro, both p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis pathways ha...

Let G be a semisimple algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k whose characteristic is very good for G and not equal to 2. Suppose θ is an involution on G. We also denote the induced involution on g by θ. Let K = {g ∈ G : θ(g) = g} and let p be the −1-eigenspace of θ in g. The adjoint action of G on g induces an action of K on p and on the variety N (p), which consists of th...

A compact Riemann surface X of genus g > 1 is said to be phyperelliptic if X admits a conformal involution ρ, called a p-hyperelliptic involution, for which X/ρ is an orbifold of genus p. Here we give a new proof of the well known fact that for g > 4p + 1, ρ is unique and central in the group of all automorphisms of X. Moreover we prove that every two p-hyperelliptic involutions commute for 3p ...

We denote D the set of parameters (of course the existence of the Cayley transform and cross action tables imply that the set D has already been enumerated, and thus identified with a set [0,M [ of integers.) We let M be the free A-module generated by D, where A = Z[v, v−1], and we write q = v2. We replace the canonical basis (Tδ)δ∈D of M by tδ = v Tδ, where l : D → N is the length function (al...

The main ‘philosophical’ outcome of this article is to demonstrate that the structural description of residuated lattices requires the use of the co-residuated setting. A construction, called skew symmetrization, which generalizes the well-known representation of an ordered Abelian group obtained from the positive (or negative) cone of the algebra is introduced here. Its definition requires lea...

The braid group Bn, endowed with Artin’s presentation, admits two distinguished involutions. One is the anti-automorphism rev : Bn → Bn, v 7→ v̄, defined by reading braids in the reverse order (from right to left instead of left to right). Another one is the conjugation τ : x 7→ ∆x∆ by the generalized half-twist (Garside element). More generally, the involution rev is defined for all Artin group...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular changes that occur in the hamster testicular interstitium in two very different physiological situations involving testicular involution: ageing and exposure to a short photoperiod. The animals were divided into an 'age group' with three subgroups - young, adult and old animals - and a 'regressed group' with animals subjected to a short photope...

Let $(A,\sigma)$ be a central simple algebra with an orthogonal involution. It is well-known that $O(A,\sigma)$ contains elements of reduced norm $-1$ if and only the Brauer class $A$ trivial. We generalize this statement to Azumaya algebras involution over semilocal rings, show "if" part fails one allows base ring arbitrary.

BACKGROUND Lobular involution, or age-related atrophy of breast lobules, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk, and mammographic breast density (MBD) is positively associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS To evaluate whether lobular involution and MBD are independently associated with breast cancer risk in women with benign breast disease, we performed a nested cohort study among...

Let D be a division ring with an involution and characteristic different from 2. Then, up to a few exceptions, D contains a free pair of symmetric elements provided that (a) it is finite-dimensional and the center has a finite sufficiently large transcendence degree over the prime field, or (b) the center is uncountable, but not algebraically closed in D. Under conditions (a), if the involution...