1.1 Good sources for subscriber numbers and other statistics are, e.g., www.gsmworld.com, www.3gpp.org, www.3gpp2.org, www.emc-database.com, www.3g.co.uk, www.regtp.de ... 1.2 Today’s GSM operators add the new 3G air interfaces of UMTS to their existing GSM/GPRS infrastructure networks. Current GSM/GPRS networks already offer packet and circuit switched data transmission following the Release 9...

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems implement radar and communication functionalities on a single platform. Jointly designing these subsystems can lead to substantial gains in performance as well size, cost, power consumption. In this paper, we propose DFRC system, which utilizes generalized spatial modulation (GSM) realize coexisting communications waveforms. Our proposed GSM-bas...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of 1800 MHz GSM-like Radiofrequency (RFR) on the cochlear functions of pregnant adult rabbits by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs). METHODS Eighteen 13-month-old pregnant and eighteen 13-month-old non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were studied. They were randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant rabbits (Group 2) and nine non-pre...

In the almost 20 years since GSM was deployed several security problems have been found, both in the protocols and in the originally secret cryptography. However, practical exploits of these weaknesses are complicated because of all the signal processing involved and have not been seen much outside of their use by law enforcement agencies. This could change due to recently developed open-source...

BACKGROUND The presence of echolucent carotid plaques as defined by low ultrasound grey-scale median (GSM) is associated with a higher risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Betablockers have shown possible anti-atherosclerotic effects. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is an association between carotid plaque GSM and treatment with betablockers. METHODS The GSM of the...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our hypothesis was that symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques are different. The aim of this study was to identify the sonographic tissue and surface characteristics of plaques and their degree of stenosis that corresponded to these two clinical presentations. METHODS We studied 81 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic plaques (150 patients) having 50% to 99% stenosis...

In 1995 many people reported symptoms such as headaches, feelings of discomfort, warmth behind/around or on the ear and difficulties concentrating while using mobile phones. The number of complaints was higher for people using the digital (GSM) system, i.e. with pulse modulated fields, than for those using the analogue (NMT) system. Our main hypothesis was that GSM users experience more symptom...

Commonly detected in surface waters worldwide, odorous compounds such as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) pose important issues drinking water aquaculture industries. Impaired are frequently plagued by severe Cyanobacterial blooms seasonal occurrences of Actinobacteria due to increased anthropogenic stressors well climate change that negatively impact the quality resources globally. H...

a new multiple c- slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed.  a patch antenna is a wide-beam narrowband antenna. microstrip patch antenna consist of a very thin metallic strip (patch) placed a small fraction of a wavelength above a ground plane. the patch can be designed in any possible shape and normally made by conducting material copper or gold. this paper presents design of a c- slotted ...