INTRODUCTION There are major new advancements in the fields of stem cell biology, developmental biology, regenerative hair cycling, and tissue engineering. The time is ripe to integrate, translate, and apply these findings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Readers will learn about new progress in cellular and molecular aspects of hair follicle development, regeneration, and poten...

The bipolar spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) carry sound information from cochlear hair cells to the brain. After noise, antibiotic or toxic insult to the cochlea, damage to SGN and/or hair cells causes hearing impairment. Damage ranges from fiber and synapse degeneration to dysfunction and loss of cells. New interventions to regenerate peripheral nerve fibers could help reestablish transfer of au...

Anisotropic shading techniques can be used for materials like hair and silk. Such materials have a surface consisting of very small fibers having a main direction. Geometrically each fiber can be viewed as a cylinder. Poulin and Fournier proposed an illumination model for such materials using a flat topology only. In the paper a model using a varying topology is described. The varying topology ...

Girardinia heterophylla(Decne), commonly known as ‘DansKandali’, is abundantly found in the Temperate and Subtropical Himalayas. It grows extensively as an underutilized biomass in the forest areas situated in outskirts of Mussoorie hills of Uttarakhand.In older times local peoples of Uttarakhand use the roots of the plant as soap/shampoo for washing hair, the leaves were boiled and cooked for ...

Menkes disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder due to an intracellular defect of a copper transport protein. We describe a 7 months male patient who presented with seizures, hypoactivity and absence of visual contact. The investigation disclosed pilli torti and thrycorrexis nodosa in the hair, low serum levels of both copper and ceruloplasmin, brain magnetic resonance study showed atrophy ...

Keratin is one of the most important structural proteins in nature and is widely found in the integument in vertebrates. It is classified into two types: a-helices and b-pleated sheets. Keratinized materials can be considered as fiber-reinforced composites consisting of crystalline intermediate filaments embedded in an amorphous protein matrix. They have a wide variety of morphologies and prope...

The MARAPUR concept is a biological wastewater treatment process based on the MBR functional principle. The ultrafiltration of activated sludge takes place in pressure-driven hollow fiber membranes. The vertical membrane modules are installed compactly in a MEGAMODUL. The permeate extraction is accomplished in the cross-flow, which is supported by rinsing aeration. The main process advantages a...

The paper describes an analog integrated circuit that implements an auditory neural representation of spectral shape. The circuit contains silicon models of the cochlea, inner hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and the neurons that compute an amplitude-invariant representation of spectral shape. The chip uses the temporal information in each silicon auditory-nerve fiber to compute this final re...