Models that describe the processes by which drivers follow each other in the traffic stream are generally referred to as car-following models. During the past 50 years, driver behavior within the traffic stream has been studied and models that attempt to describe this behavior have been proposed. Car-following models have frequently been developed for the purpose of incorporation with microscop...

The steering torque at the handwheel, necessary to steer a car at zero speed, is discussed. Measurements made on a tyre alone on a static rig and measurements made on a car in normal trim are complemented by a mathematical system model. The model uses parameter values deriving partly from the tyre rig results, partly from the car specification and partly from the car results. It provides simula...

This paper discusses an important issue for today’s mobile world striving sustainable development, namely ecotourism. The major objective of the study presented in this article was to carry out a comparative analysis conventional tourist trip along Kharkov (Ukraine)–Varna (Bulgaria) route electric car and by air transport. main criteria comparing two variants were cost price, time, mobility, in...

The car following model is a key element in driver behavior modeling. A PD controller car-following model is a popular and realistic model. A big problem met in designing driver behavior models is the absence of reliable data from the real traffic. However, experiments using an instrumented vehicle driven in the real world supplied the radar tracking data. This paper first analyzes the desired ...

HIV is adept at avoiding naturally generated T cell responses; therefore, there is a need to develop HIV-specific T cells with greater potency for use in HIV cure strategies. Starting with a CD4-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that was previously used without toxicity in clinical trials, we optimized the vector backbone, promoter, HIV targeting moiety, and transmembrane and signaling doma...

A Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agent, known as vidarabine or adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (AraA), has features of inhibiting adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) and protects against chronic coronary artery occlusion (CAO). The goal of this investigation was to determine whether AraA protects against myocardial ischemia, even when delivered after coronary artery reperfusion (CAR)...