Face-to-face conversation and online chat were compared on their tendency to moderate attitudes through exposure to an opposing perspective. As predicted on the basis of the greater self-focus and reduced presence of the other in text-based chat, strangers who chatted online for 20 min about a divisive social issue on which they held opposing attitudes showed less movement toward their partner'...

A.M. Lindenberg, B. Hedman, and K.O. Hodgson, SSRL P.A. Anfinrud, Laboratory for Chemical Physics/NIDDKD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD E. Collet and H. Cailleau, Université de Rennes, Rennes, FRance J. Dunn and A.J. Nelson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA M.D. Fayer, Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA H.B. Gray, Beckman Institute & De...

We present the first direct magnetic field measurements on M dwarfs cooler than spectral class M4.5. Utilizing a new method based on the effects of a field on the Wing-Ford FeH band near 1 micron, we obtain information on whether the integrated surface magnetic flux (Bf) is low (well under 1 kilogauss), intermediate (between 1 and about 2.5 kG), or strong (greater than about 3 kG) on a set of s...