Very young nonor hardly-speaking children with severe disabilities need active guidance to stimulate interaction with their environment in order to develop their communicative and linguistic skills. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems can help this process, provided that they are tuned to this specific user group. LinguaBytes is a research programme, which aims at developin...

In this study influences of maternal prenatal stress on the cortisol reactions of children to a vaccination were determined. Prenatal stress at around 16 weeks of gestation was measured through questionnaires and a cortisol day curve. Cortisol reactions were determined preceding and following the vaccination. A total of 24 children (age between 3.11 and 5.9 years, mean age 4.9 years) and their ...

With the reduction in diseases due to nutritional deficiencies and infection, disorders which are wholly or partly genetic are becoming relatively more important in all branches of modern medicine. Genetic counselling has developed in recent years from just explaining to an individual or a couple the risk of them producing a handicapped child, to the possibility in many cases of better diagnosi...

God has gifted human beings with six major power of senses, if any one of these is absent or damaged in such a way that it is unable to perform its function, the person became handicapped. A cross sectional study of 120 mentally retarded children of age 6-18 years was conducted in Faisalabad and Islamabad districts by using convenient sampling technique. The purpose was to study the socio-psych...

Ethics refers to. moral principles or set of moral values which determine the code of conduct as stipulated by the medical profession. The ethical decisions are based upon a system of moral values that serve the best interests of society in a humane and caring way(l). The motal values are governed by the society and they eulogize what is correct, righteous, virtuous, noble, desirable and accept...

The syndrome of severe wasting, opisthotonus and paraplegia in flexion associated with considerable hydrocephalus is well known to those treating advanced cases of tuberculous meningitis. Once such a condition has developed, the outlook is generally poor. Many patients will die and the survivors will often be handicapped by a variety of physical and mental sequelae. The purpose of this paper is...

The clinical and radiographic presentation of a child with spastic tetraplegia, anticonvulsant drug-induced rickets, borderline hypothyroidism and multiple slipped epiphyses is described. While the metabolic abnormalities were being treated, the parents denied surgical treatment and have been non-compliant with bracing of the wrist, ankle and knee deformities. By two years of medical treatment,...