Purpose: This paper proposes a sinogram-consistency learning method to deal with beamhardening related artifacts in polychromatic computerized tomography (CT). The presence of highly attenuating materials in the scan field causes an inconsistent sinogram, that does not match the range space of the Radon transform. When the mismatched data are entered into the range space during CT reconstructio...

X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis was used to identify changes in the lattice distortions during isothermal aging of Fe-10Ni-7Mn (wt. %) maraging steel. Integral peak breadths were analyzed using classical Williamson-Hall equation taking the elastic anisotropy into account. It was found that substantial lattice distortions rise during precipitation hardening which depend strongly on the s...

We studied thermal tolerance limits, heat-hardening, and Hsp70 to elucidate the difference in thermotolerance between two color variants of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Green and Red variants occupy different habitats and have different aestivation responses to high temperature in summer. In the absence of heat-hardening, the variants showed no difference in the temperature at which...

When a brass compensator is set in a treatment beam, beam hardening may take place. This variation of the energy spectrum may affect the accuracy of dose calculation by a treatment planning system and the results of dose measurement of brass compensator intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). In addition, when X-rays pass the compensator, scattered photons are generated within the compens...

Current peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are well defined in their communicating and collaborating mechanisms – search, share, and retrieve information – especially when there is a centralized management server. However, these operations provide no convenient security mechanisms for serverless networks. This paper examines a security hardening approach to limit or prevent identifier attacks between ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. The aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tiss...

Super 304HCu austenitic stainless steel containing 2.3–3 (wt.%) of Cu is mainly used in superheaters and reheaters tubing of ultra super critical boilers which operates over 600 ◦C of steam temperature. Tensile tests were carried out on Super 304HCu, using nominal strain rate of 1 × 10−3 s−1, at room temperature, 550 ◦C, 600 ◦C and 650 ◦C. The tensile strength and elongation were found to decre...

Since the introduction of the original singlesection computed tomography (CT) machines, and more recent spiral CT, several different types of CT artefact have been described. Recognized artefacts include motion artefact, metallic streak artefact, beam hardening, partial volume artefact and step artefact. The use of contrast-enhanced spiral CT has created many new artefacts and potential pitfall...

In contrast to most studies of rapid cold-hardening, in which abrupt transfers to low temperatures are used to induce an acclimatory response, the primary objectives of this study were to determine (i) whether rapid cold-hardening was induced during the cooling phase of an ecologically based thermoperiod, (ii) whether the protection afforded was lost during warming or contributed to increased c...