Anesthetic agents provide patient comfort and optimize conditions for surgical and procedural interventions. These agents have been shown to modulate autophagy, which is a cellular mechanism that maintains tissue homeostasis by degrading and recycling excess, aged, or dysfunctional proteins. However, it is not always clear if upregulated autophagy is beneficial or harmful. This review assesses ...

A potent antigen-specific T cell response to HIV infection can contribute to the control of viral replication and is therefore beneficial to the host. However, HIV-mediated increases in generalized T cell activation also appear to accelerate both viral replication and CD4+ T cell depletion. A new study in the JCI attempts to experimentally distinguish the beneficial versus harmful aspects of th...

MITEs (Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) are reminiscence of non-autonomous DNA (class II) elements, which are distinguished from other transposable elements by their small size, short terminal inverted repeats (TIRs), high copy numbers, genic preference, and DNA sequence identity among family members. Although MITEs were first discovered in plants and still actively reshaping ge...

Injuries to the central nervous system, such as those that arise from ischemic strokes and other traumas, activate neuroplasticity [1] which plays an important role in the recovery of motor and sensory functions [2]. The effect of neuroplasticity may be of two kinds. It can be beneficial and it can be harmful [3]. Activation of beneficial neuroplasticity makes it possible to learn new skills an...

during a survey on stigmaeid mites in northwestern iran (2004-2006), several specimens of the family stigmaeidae were collected on olive trees in moghan (ardebil province) in july 2006. these mites were later identified as agistemus collyerae gonzalez-rodriguez. this is the first record of this species from iran. the specimens were collected along with the specimens of the family eriophyidae on...

BACKGROUND There are controversial reports about the role of Demodex mites in pathogenesis of acne rosacea. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence and number of Demodex mites and the pathogenesis of rosacea. METHODS In this case-control study, the prevalence of Demodex mites was studied in facial biopsy of 75 patients with acne rosacea as case group, and in...

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces various harmful effects in the tissues, particularly disruption of the epidermal barrier. However, ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been applied in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, a skin disease in which the epidermal barrier is defective. We reviewed the homeostasis of the epidermal barrier and several studies investigating the ...

Southern pine beetles can be reared free of phoretic mites from naturally infested bark if the bark is removed from the tree and air dried. Bark removal does not reduce the number of beetles that emerge. On the average fewer than 1 % of the beetles emerging from removed bark carried one or fewer mites, and 85% of the beetles emerging from attacked bark carried one or more mites. Seven species o...

two different microhabitats (cropped fields versus established date-palm farms) in two different cities in khuzestan province, southwestern iran, were sampled monthly during 2011-2012 in order to assess the role of anthropic uses of soil on the biodiversity of oribatid mites. a total of 17 species of oribatid mites belonging to 10 families and 15 genera were identified (nine species were collec...

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