The polyubiquitin receptor Rpn10 targets ubiquitylated Sic1 to the 26S proteasome for degradation. In contrast, turnover of at least one ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) substrate, CPY*, is impervious to deletion of RPN10. To distinguish whether RPN10 is involved in the turnover of only a small set of cell cycle regulators that includes Sic1 or plays a more general role in the UPS, we sought t...

Ubiquitination regulates a host of cellular processes by labeling proteins for degradation, but also by functioning as a regulatory, nonproteolytic posttranslational modification. Proteome-wide strategies to monitor changes in ubiquitination profiles are important to obtain insight into the various cellular functions of ubiquitination. Here we describe generation of stable cell lines expressing...

Escherichia coli group 1 K antigens form a tightly associated capsule structure on the cell surface. Although the general features of the early steps in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis have been described, little is known about the later stages that culminate in assembly of a capsular structure on the cell surface. Group 1 capsule biosynthesis gene clusters (cps) in E. coli and Klebsiella ...

Aeromonas hydrophila secretes a number of degradative enzymes and toxins into the external milieu via the type II secretory pathway or secreton. ExeA is an essential component of this system and is necessary for the localization and/or multimerization of the secretin ExeD. ExeA contains two sequence motifs characteristic of the Walker superfamily of ATPases. Previous examination of substitution...

Cell-penetrating peptides and proteins (CPPs) are important tools for the delivery of impermeable molecules into living mammalian cells. To enable these cells to internalize proteins fused to common oligohistidine affinity tags, we synthesized an artificial cell surface receptor comprising an N-alkyl derivative of 3beta-cholesterylamine linked to the metal chelator nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). ...

Darwin identified eusocial evolution, especially of complex insect societies, as a particular challenge to his theory of natural selection. A century later, Hamilton provided a framework for selection on inclusive fitness. Hamilton's rule is robust and fertile, having generated multiple subdisciplines over the past 45 years. His suggestion that eusociality can be explained via kin selection, ho...

Sophisticated/Well-Educated Person from Avicenna’s Perspective*   A. Sohbatloo** M.R. Aahanchiyaan, Ph.D.*** B. Sha’bani Varaki, Ph.D.**** A.R. Saadeghzaadeh Ghamsari, Ph.D.*****   A basic question asked by many philosophers has been about the criteria by which a person’s sophistication is measured and the characteristics by which a sophisticated/well educated person is identified. Given...

This research investigates one of the poetic texts Mahwi named (my home is love) with giving consideration to views teachers and researchers working on his collection. It interprets poem again presents some differences including; having new meanings for a number phrases in text. study reveals comprehension concept (love) gives sociological explanation perspectives. also identifies as way life.&...