Most previous studies concerning avian adaptation to anthropogenic noise have focused on songbirds, but few have focused on non-songbirds commonly found in urban environments such as doves. We conducted field playback-recording experiments on the perch-coos of five dove species, including four native Taiwan species (the spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis, the oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia ...

elements include: “no war”, “peace”, “no conflict”, “harmony”, “living happily”, etc. AE1 = “no war”, AE2 = “peace”, AE3 = “no conflict”, AE4 = “harmony”, AE5 = “living happily”, etc. Partial meaning mapping based on the symbol of peace. Peace = “dove” and “symbol by Gerald Holtom”, “the broken riffle”, Harmony = “many” and, etc. M11 = (“peace”, “dove”), M12 = (“peace”, “symbol by Gerald Holtom...

We extend the game theoretic model of kleptoparasitism introduced by Broom and Ruxton (1998, Behav. Ecol. 9, 397-403) in two ways: we allow for asymmetric contests, where the probability alpha of the challenger winning can take any value from 0 to 1; and we allow the handler to choose not to resist the challenge, but to immediately concede and relinquish its food to the challenger. We find, in ...

We propose the signature scheme Hawk, a concrete instantiation of proposals to use Lattice Isomorphism Problem (LIP) as foundation for cryptography that focuses on simplicity. This simplicity stems from LIP, which allows lattices such $$\mathbb Z^n$$ , leading algorithms with no floats, rejection sampling, and compact precomputed distributions. Such design features are desirable constrained dev...

PURPOSE The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is considered to be one of the most robust methods of clinical assessment. One of its strengths lies in its ability to minimise the effects of examiner bias due to the standardisation of items and tasks for each candidate. However, OSCE examiners' assessment scores are influenced by several factors that may jeopardise the assumed obje...