We described the organization of two silkmoth chorion genes, called E1 and E2, whose expression is largely restricted in time to the very late period of choriogenesis and in space to one of two major subpopulations of follicle cells. Using E1 and E2 clone cDNAs as probes, we showed that gene copy numbers per haploid genome remain constant throughout silkmoth development despite major changes in...

C.d. spectroscopy was used to investigate the structures of Ca2+-ATPase (Ca2+-transporting ATPase) in the E1 and E2 states in native, in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled and in solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preparations. The E1 state was stabilized by 100 microM-Ca2+ and the E2 state by 0.5 mM-Na3 VO4 and 0.1 mM-EGTA. There were no significant differences detected in the c.d...

The physiological relevance of oestradiol (E2) on post-orchiectomy (OX) food intake control was evaluated in six adult, male, domestic, short-hair cats. Jugular venous plasma E2 and oestrone (E1) concentrations were determined weekly before OX and immediately after OX in a cross-over trial of two 3-week periods in which E2 (0.5 μg) or vehicle (0.1 ml/kg) was subcutaneously injected daily and bl...

A homogeneous set is a non-trivial module of a graph, i.e. a nonempty, non-unitary, proper vertex subset such that all its elements present the same outer neighborhood. Given two graphs G1(V, E1) and G2(V,E2), the Homogeneous Set Sandwich Problem (HSSP) asks whether there exists a graph GS(V, ES), E1 ⊆ ES ⊆ E2, which has a homogeneous set. This paper presents an algorithm that uses the concept ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes two glycoproteins, E1 and E2, which assemble in oligomeric structures. Studies of HCV glycoprotein assembly using heterologous expression systems have shown that these glycoproteins can follow two pathways: a productive pathway leading to the formation of a non-covalent heterodimer; and a non-productive pathway leading to the formation of large disulfide-linked a...

A strong edge-coloring φ of a graph G assigns colors to edges such that φ(e1)≠φ(e2) whenever e1 and e2 are at distance no more than 1. It is equivalent proper vertex coloring the square line G. In 1990 Faudree, Schelp, Gyárfás, Tuza conjectured if bipartite with maximum degree 3 sufficiently large girth, then has most 5 colors. 2021 this conjecture was disproved by Lužar, Mačajová, Škoviera, So...

During the assembly of alphaviruses, a preassembled nucleocapsid buds through the cell plasma membrane to acquire an envelope containing two virally encoded glycoproteins, E2 and E1. Using two chimeric viruses, we have studied interactions between E1, E2, and a viral peptide called 6K, which are required for budding. A chimeric Sindbis virus (SIN) in which the 6K gene had been replaced with tha...

The effect of the 5' non-translated region (5'NTR) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) morphogenesis in insect cells is investigated in this study. Expression in baculovirus-infected cells of a sequence encoding the C and E1 structural proteins under the control of the very late promoter P10 (AcSLP10-C-E1) led to the synthesis of C and C-E1 complexes, essentially found in dense reticular material associ...

LetM be a 2-dimensional compact oriented Riemannian manifold. We start by choosing an open subset U of M on which we can define an orthonormal frame (E1, E2). Recall that this means that E1, E2 are vector fields on U such that 〈Ei, Ej〉 = δij (the Kronecker delta), where 〈·, ·〉 denotes the Riemannian metric on M . We sometimes call (E1, E2) a moving frame or repère mobile in French, and this met...

PURPOSE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes endemic or epidemic outbreaks of CHIKV fever, which is a mosquitoe- transmitted viral disease in Africa, India, South-East Asia, and recently Southern Europe. Currently, serological diagnostic tests such as hemagglutination inhibition test (HI test), in-house IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and indirect immunofluorescence test wer...