We determine simple analytical conditions for combined radiative and thermal equilibrium between the X-ray emitting plasma and cold reprocessor in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galactic black holes (GBH). These conditions determine the pressure at the transition zone, which is not arbitrary in the static situation. The conditions for static solution are derived analytically for different for...

in some climates, massive buildings made of stone, masonry, concrete, earth and … can be utilized as one of the simplest and most effective ways of reducing building heating and cooling loads. very often such savings could be achieved in the design stage of the building and with a relatively low-cost. such declines in building envelope heat losses combined with optimized material configuration ...

The stability and performance of nanoscale junctions are closely related to the local effective temperature. The local effective temperature is mainly caused by the competition between heating and cooling processes in inelastic electron-phonon scat- tering. Local cooling occurs when the rate of energy in cooling exceeds that in heating. Previous research has been done using either specific pote...

– We discuss a laser cooling scheme for trapped atoms or ions which is based on double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and makes use of a four-level atom in tripod configuration. The additional fourth atomic state is coupled by a strong coupling laser field to the usual three-level setup of single-EIT cooling. This effectively allows to create two EIT structures in the absorption...

A possibility of increasing interest for reducing the energy consumption in office and health care buildings consist in better exploiting the potential of the heat pump technology. This can be done by recovering heat at the condenser when the chiller is used to produce cold (simultaneous heating and cooling demands) or by using the chiller in heat pump mode (non-simultaneous heating and cooling...

We show that discreteness effects related to classical two-body relaxation produce spurious heating of the gaseous component in numerical simulations of galaxy formation. A simple analytic calculation demonstrates that this artificial heating will dominate radiative cooling in any simulation where the mass of an individual dark matter particle exceeds a certain critical value. This maximum mass...

Passive design responds to improve indoor thermal comfort and minimize the energy consumption. The present research analyzed the how efficiently passive solar technologies generate heating and cooling and provide the system integration for domestic applications. In addition to this, the aim of this study is to increase the efficiency of solar systems system with integration some innovation and ...

The processes νe +n ⇋ e− + p and ν̄e + p ⇋ e +n provide the dominant mechanisms for heating and cooling the material below the stalled shock in a core-collapse supernova. We summarize the major effects of strong magnetic fields on the rates of the above reactions and illustrate these effects with a simple supernova model. Due to parity violation of weak interaction the heating rates are asymmetr...

Observations made during the last ten years with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shed much light on the cooling gas in the centers of clusters of galaxies and the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) heating. Cooling of the hot intracluster medium in cluster centers can feed the supermassive black holes found in the nuclei of the dominant cluster galaxies leading to AGN outbursts which can ...

In low-heating-energy buildings heat pumps have become an attractive heating system due to a notable reduction of the space heating requirements and the introduction of low temperature heating systems. Comfort cooling becomes also more important, especially in lightweight buildings with large south-oriented windows, which partially tend to overheat in summer. A heat pump has the unique feature ...