Hydrothermal liquefaction uses high temperatures and pressures to break organic compounds into smaller fractions, and is considered the most promising method to convert wet microalgae feedstock to biofuel. Although, hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae has received much attention, the specific roles of temperature, pressure, heating rate and reaction time remain unclear. We present a microfl...

Radial flow reactor was focused for large scale methanol synthesis and in which the heat transfer type was cross-flow. The effects of operating conditions including the reactor inlet air temperature, the heating pipe temperature and the air flow rate on the cross-flow heat transfer was investigated and the results showed that the temperature profile of the area in front of the heating pipe was ...

Solid biofuels, such as bark, forest residues, sawdust, and wood chips are important mill fuels in the forest industry. They are combusted in combined heat and power plants (CHP-plants) to generate heat and electricity for pulp and paper making processes. Biofuels usually have high moisture content. The high moisture content decreases the effective heating value of fuel and makes the operation ...

UNLABELLED Sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy using colloidal particles has become common practice at many institutions. The ideal particle size for colloids such as filtered (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid ((99m)Tc-FSC) in sentinel node studies is 15-100 nm. It is reported that the use of a reduced heating time during the reconstitution process results in an increased number of smaller particles (<30 nm)...

The aim of this work is to chemically characterize olive tree prunings and use the material in hydrothermal and combustion processes. The influence of the hydrothermal treatment conditions, with and without acid catalyst, of the main fraction of olive tree prunings (stems with a diameter > 1 cm) (temperature 150 to 190oC, time 0 to 20 minutes after reaching the operation temperature, liquid/sol...

Experimental results are reported for a U-shaped, free convection loop. The top of the loop is open to an isothermal reservoir. The horizontal leg and one vertical leg are heated at rates Q1 and Q2, respectively. The loop is filled either with water or a watersaturated porous medium. Symmetric heating and asymmetric heating favouring the ascending leg of the loop both yield stable flows. Asymme...

The breakdown products of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine (Ino) and hypoxanthine (Hx) of some fish species and heated fish products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and rapid paper strip method. The K value, calculated from ATP degradation products, the percent of the s...

Spores of Bacillus cereus were heated and recovered in order to investigate the effect of water activity of media on the estimated heat resistance (i.e., the D value) of spores. The water activity (ranging from 0.9 to 1) of the heating medium was first successively controlled with three solutes (glycerol, glucose, and sucrose), while the water activity of the recovery medium was kept near 1. Re...

The fuel properties of wood can be summarized by ultimate and proximate analysis and determination of the high heating value. It is not valid to list these values for species since a species has not been adequately sampled and tested. Enough is known, however, to say that softwoods have a high heating value of about 9,000 Btu per pound; whereas hardwoods have a value of about 8,600 Btu per poun...

The R70 self-heating test has been used as one of the major laboratory methods for testing the intrinsic properties of coal that influences its propensity for spontaneous combustion. The R70 test is conducted in an artificially created adiabatic environment so that only and all the heat generated by the coal sample is used to prompt the oxidation process and to increase the temperature of the s...