OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a secular trend in growth occurred during the last century in Pygmies from Cameroon (West Pygmies) and in Bantu rural farmers, the latter being studied to serve as controls. DESIGN The evolution in height of West Pygmies and Bantu farmers from 1911 to 2006 was evaluated using data from the literature as well as data gathered by our re...

BACKGROUND Turner syndrome (TS) affects about one in 1500 to 2500 live-born females. One of the most prevalent and salient features of the syndrome is extremely short stature. Untreated women are approximately 20 to 21 cm shorter than normal women within their respective populations. Recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) has been used to increase growth and final height in girls who have Turne...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish an anthropometric reference of the stomach for gastric cancer surgery and a modeling formula to predict stomach length. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were retrieved for 851 patients who underwent total gastrectomy at the Seoul National University Hospital between 2008 and 2013. Clinicopathological data and measurements from a formalin-fixed specimen...

OBJECTIVES To study final height in girls with Turner's syndrome treated with once or twice daily injections of growth hormone (GH) in combination with low dose ethinyl oestradiol. DESIGN Until final height was reached, the effect of fractionated subcutaneous injections given twice daily was compared with once daily injections of a total GH dose of 6 IU/m2/day. Twice daily injections were giv...

This paper synthesizes the existing discrete-time option pricing literature. We posit a binomial process on a term structure of futures prices and derive existing discrete-time results as special cases of our general framework. by Peter P. Carr and Robert A. Jarrow Johnson Graduate School of Management Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Internet Addresses: [email protected] and JARROW...

Uncomfortable stalls reduce the time cows spend resting and are a risk factor for lameness. Although recommendations for stall dimensions are available, little research supports these recommendations. In this study, kinematic techniques were used to provide the first accurate measures of space used by Holstein dairy cows during lying-down movements in an open space and in a free stall. Cows (n=...

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen is a crucial component of plant nutrition, and its deficiency limits productivity of crops more than any other element. To manage the sorghum crop for achievement of maximum forage production, the farmer should be concerned about nitrogen requirement and plant height. OBJECTIVES: This research was carried out to evaluate response of m...

Short stature and ovarian failure are the main features in Turner syndrome (TS). To optimize GH and estrogen treatment, we studied 68 previously untreated girls with TS, age 2-11 yr, who were randomly assigned to one of three GH dosage groups: group A, 4 IU/m2 day (approximately 0.045 mg/kg x day); group B, first yr 4, thereafter 6 IU/m2 x day (approximately 0.0675 mg/kg/day); group C, first yr...

An association between body height and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been suggested by previous studies including males only. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the sex-specific impact of body height on risk of VTE in a general population. Risk factors, including body height and weight, were registered for 26,727 subjects aged 25-96 years who participated in the Trom...

Wearing high heels alters walking kinematics and kinetics and can create potentiallyadverse effects on the body. Our purpose was to determine how heel height affects frontalplane joint moments at the hip, knee, and ankle, with a specific focus on the external kneemoment due to its importance in medial loading and knee osteoarthritis. Fifteen womencompleted overground walking tri...