Nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) can detect circulat ing prostatic cells in patients with prostate cancer. We evaluated the role of a combined screening approach for PSA and PSM in prostate cancer staging. We examined the peripheral blood samples from 136 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCA), 15 ...

A molecular protocol using a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) is reported for the diagnosis of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in California. This protocol distinguishes the light brown apple moth from other moths in California based on size differences of PCR amplicons that are visua...

Three dimensional curls (‘‘hemi-helices’’) consisting of multiple, periodic and alternating helical sections of opposite chiralities, separated by perversions, are one of a variety of complex shapes that can be produced by a simple generic process consisting of pre-straining one elastomeric strip, joining it side-by-side to another and then releasing the bi-strip. The initial wavelength of the ...

BACKGROUND In the USA, more than 2000 volunteers have received one or more experimental HIV-1 vaccines in phase I and II clinical trials, and there have been breakthrough HIV-1 infections among participants receiving vaccine and placebo. Serological diagnosis of new HIV-1 infections in vaccine-trial participants will become increasingly complicated as more viral components are used in vaccines....

A highly sensitive test based on reverse transcription followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) was developed to detect the Australian yellow-head-like viruses, gill-associated virus (GAV) and lymphoid organ virus (LOV) of Penaeus monodon. The RT-nPCR detected viral RNA in as little as 10 fg lymphoid organ total RNA isolated from GAV-infected P. monodon. Amplification of serial di...

This study evaluates the exposure of the distal humerus articular surface obtained using a triceps hemi-peel approach versus the triceps-flexor carpi ulnaris (TRIFCU) approach. Twelve cadaveric upper extremity specimens were dissected using a lateral-to-medial hemi-peel modification of the TRIFCU approach to the elbow. After completing the hemi-peel exposure, the visible border of the articular...

A two-center three-electron 2c-3e bond (hemi-bond) is a non-classical chemical bond, and its existence has been supposed in radical cation clusters with lone pairs. Though the nature of the hemi-bond and its role in the reactivity of radical cations have attracted great interest, spectroscopic observations of hemi-bonded structures have been very scarce. In the present study, the presence of a ...

A significant number of postmenopausal women report increased anxiety and vulnerability to stress, which has been linked to decreased secretion of ovarian steroids. Communication between the serotonin system and the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system determines stress sensitivity or resilience. This study examines the effects of the ovarian steroids, estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) ...

introduction: breast cancers in the early phase frequently undergo distant metastasis and survival of patients is greatly dependent on distant metastasis. the occurrence of micrometastasis has been suggested to relate with prognostic features of breast cancer, such as lymph node metastasis and the presence of vascular invasion. the aim of this study was to examine the presence of keratin-19 mrn...

Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV) is an exogenous type D-related retrovirus specifically associated with a contagious lung cancer of sheep (sheep pulmonary adenomatosis; SPA). Recently, epithelial tumour cells in the lungs of SPA-affected sheep were identified as major sites of JSRV replication by immunological techniques and RT-PCR amplification of part of JSRV gag. JSRV was not detected outside th...