The means by which many herbicides kill susceptible plants are presently unknown (1, 3). Although it is not essential to know the mode of action in order to develop and use a herbicide efficiently, the screening processes by which herbicides are discovered are based upon comparative biochemistry. Selective herbicides with low nmammalian toxicity (2) must take advantage of differences in metabol...

background antibiotic resistance among staphylococcus aureus is of great concern worldwide. this resistance is further complicated by the ability of s. aureus to confer cross-resistance to other antibiotics due to the presence of resistance genes, such as erythromycin resistance methylase (erm) genes, which render the bacterium resistant to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b (mlsb) antibioti...

Enterococcus is the second cause of urinary tract infections in hospitals and the third most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia. Overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of nosocomial infections, causes antibiotic resistance in enterococci resistant to antibiotics through their ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics through mutation or acquisition of genetic material carrying a resista...

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of three commercial cultivars, eight experimental cultivars and common bermudagrass to clethodim, glufosinate and glyphosate. Each herbicide was applied at eight doses. Data were regressed on herbicide dose using a log-logistic curve (R2 = 0.56-0.95 for clethodim, R2 = 0.60-0.94 for glufosinate, and R2 = 0.70-0.96 for glyphosate). Th...

Introduction: Resistance of pathogenic organisms to countenance antibiotics has become a worldwide problem with serious consequences on the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance and also the detection of transferred antibiotic resistance by plasmid in clinical Proteus isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 250 urine samples were ...

BACKGROUND Plants can rapidly evolve resistance to herbicide in response to repeated selection. This study focuses on cross-resistance patterns observed in Lolium rigidum following pyroxasulfone recurrent selection. RESULTS The parental MR (multiresistant) population following four generations of pyroxasulfone recurrent selection evolved cross-resistance to prosulfocarb and triallate. At the ...

Colistin relates to the polymyxin group of antibiotics. This antibiotic is still used to destroy gram-negative bacteria as a last resort. However, resistance to this antibiotic has been reported and is appearing day by day. Not much information is available on the exact mechanisms of resistance to this antibiotic. Also, not enough information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is avail...

Herbicide resistance in weeds is an evolutionary process. Although there a great global diversity of weeds, independent origins herbicide evolution have been shown to converge into similar molecular and physiological mechanisms geographically distant weed populations. Amaranthus species extraordinary ability evolve invade new environments at scale, which represents opportunity for identifying a...