Previous studies have suggested that visual short-term memory (VSTM) has a storage limit of approximately four items. However, the type of high-threshold (HT) model used to derive this estimate is based on a number of assumptions that have been criticized in other experimental paradigms (e.g., visual search). Here we report findings from nine experiments in which VSTM for color, spatial frequen...

UNLABELLED The operational definition of relational continuity is "a therapeutic relationship between a patient and one or more providers that spans various healthcare events and results in accumulated knowledge of the patient and care consistent with the patient's needs." OBJECTIVE To examine how well relational continuity is measured in validated instruments that evaluate primary healthcare...

Material and methods Body condition score (BCS, scale 1-9) was assessed in 102 companion dogs (inclusion criteria 1-10 years, max 120 min/week of activities in addition to walks) and owners were interviewed about daily time of walks, activity level of the dog during walks (Low: mostly walk, Medium: trot and some running, High: running) and of additional activities (yes/no). Statistical analysis...

Modifications of the Zwikker- and Parri color detection tests were examined and compared according to their ability to distinguish between nine different barbituric acids and hydantoins. These tests comprised the formation of complexes with cobalt(II) and copper(II) salts and organic amines. Using the color palette introduced herein, the evaluation of the tests could be reduced to a simple yes/...

The electrophysiological correlates of retrieval orientation--the differential processing of retrieval cues according to the nature of the sought-for information--were investigated in healthy young (18-20 years old) and older (63-77 years old) adults. In one pair of study-test cycles, subjects studied either words or pictures presented in one of two visually distinct contexts, and then performe...

OBJECTIVES Assess sensitivity and specificity of each of the 18 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM) questionnaire items to determine whether a rapid assessment of child and adult food insecurity is feasible in an Inuit population. METHODS Food insecurity prevalence was assessed by the 18-item USDA HFSSM in a randomized sample of Inuit households pa...

Affiliations: 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics. Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. 2 Simons Center for Data Analysis. Simons Foundation. New York, NY. 3 Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System. Danville, PA. 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, U...

We investigated the relationship between odor codability and odor memory representation in three cultural groups: French, American, and Vietnamese. In a first experiment, we asked participants from the three cultures to identify twice a set of 40 common odorants. From this task, we computed the codability of each of the 40 odorants. In a second experiment, we asked another group of participants...

Memory for words presented during general anesthesia was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, surgical patients (n = 80) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were presented shortly before and during surgery with words via headphones. At the earliest convenient time after surgery (within 5 h) and 24 h later, memory was tested by asking patients to complete auditorily p...

Patient Y.R., who suffered hippocampal damage that disrupted recollection but not familiarity, was impaired on a yes/no (YN) object recognition memory test with similar foils. However, she was not impaired on a forced-choice corresponding (FCC) version of the test that paired targets with corresponding similar foils (Holdstock et al., 2002). This dissociation is explained by the Complementary L...