BACKGROUND Anecdotal observations and early airplane and helicopter tracking studies suggest that pigeons sometimes follow large roads and use landmarks as turning points during their homeward journey. However, technical limitations in tracking pigeon routes have prevented proof. RESULTS Here, we present experimental and statistical evidence for this strategy from the analysis of 216 GPS-reco...

The extent to which lateral genetic transfer has shaped microbial genomes has major implications for the emergence of community structures. We have performed a rigorous phylogenetic analysis of >220,000 proteins from genomes of 144 prokaryotes to determine the contribution of gene sharing to current prokaryotic diversity, and to identify "highways" of sharing between lineages. The inferred rela...

Membrane trafficking, or the flow of membrane material between endomembrane compartments and the plasmalemma, is essential for transport of proteins and other macromolecules to various destinations inside and outside of the cell. Membrane trafficking also underlies the fundamental need for cells to maintain cellular homeostasis, as well as to meet specific demands during signal perception and t...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a multiple linear regression model that describes the pavement’s friction behaviour using a degradation evolution law that also considers the effects of weather, vertical alignment and traffic factors. This study is based on real data obtained from two different highways with an approximate total length of 43 km. These sections present different alignment...

In a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event, a gene is transferred between two species that do not have an ancestor-descendant relationship. Typically, no more than a few genes are horizontally transferred between any two species. However, several studies identified pairs of species between which many different genes were horizontally transferred. Such a pair is said to be linked by a highway of ...

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1 Residential satisfaction is an important proxy for people ́s wellbeing and for relocation behavior. In 2 this paper we focus on gaining insight into the residential satisfaction of households near highways, 3 based on survey data collected among 1,230 respondents in the Netherlands. Using ordinal regression 4 analysis, we studied the effect of accessibility and negative externalities, alongsid...

We investigate the effects of the construction of the national highway system in China on local economic outcomes. The analysis employs three main approaches. The first is based on a structural model of Ricardian trade that provides an explicit description of the general equilibrium effects of changes in the highway network. The second involves reduced form estimates of the casual effects highw...

Redesigning of the traffic system on highways, streets and avenues is quite important, when aspects such as network plan, geometric design, traffic control, operation, regulation and enforcement of roads are considered as a unified system. The ‘highways’, which should primarily consider transport function for intercity connections, and ‘streets and avenues’, which should also involve the variou...

Recently, there has been immense interest in using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for civilian operations such as package delivery, aerial surveillance, and disaster response. As a result, UAV traffic management systems are needed to support potentially thousands of UAVs flying simultaneously in the air space, in order to ensure their liveness and safety requirements are met. Currently, the an...