The impact of histone phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation onto transcription and various other cellular DNA-mediated processes is now well established. Numerous histone modification marks, specific sites carrying particular post-translational modifications, have been described and analyzed in detail. Whereas, many methods for the study of histone post-translational modifications invol...

Our genes code for the building blocks of our body, and variations in our genome predispose us to distinct traits, including disease. To add complexity to the interpretation and regulation of our genetic code, the DNA packed into the chromatin forming our chromosomes is modified by factors that alter its expressivity but without changing its sequence. These factors are referred to as epigenetic...

OBJECTIVES The transcriptional silencing of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in latently infected cells is a major hurdle on the pathway to HIV-1 elimination. The epigenetic mechanisms established by histone modifications may affect the transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 and viral latency. A systematic epigenome profiling could be applicable to develop new epigenetic diagnostic markers for detecting...

In cells and tissues, the histone proteins that constitute the nucleosomes can present multiple post-translational modifications (Luger & Richmond, 1998), such as lysine acetylation, lysine and arginine methylation, serine phosphorylation, and lysine ubiquitination. On their own, or in combination, these covalent modifications on the core histones are thought to play essential roles in chromati...

Genetic information is packaged in the highly dynamic nucleoprotein structure called chromatin. Many biological processes are regulated via post-translational modifications of key proteins. Acetylation of lysine residues at the N-terminal histone tails is one of the most studied covalent modifications influencing gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on the role of enzymes in...

The nucleosome, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, contains an octamer of core histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Incorporation of histone variants alters the functional properties of chromatin. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function, analysis of histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications is required. Here we report t...