Introduction: As demand grows for hops in the Northeast, many farmers and entrepreneurs are thinking about the possibility of growing hops. Since this crop has been absent from the region for over a century, information is not readily available about the costs of hop production. This document is intended to help prospective hop growers consider the financial side of hop production. It complemen...

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), a set of wirelessly connected sensor nodes, is a dynamic system that executes hop-by-hop routing independently with no external help of any infrastructure. Proper selection of cluster heads can increase the life time of the Ad-hoc network by decreasing the energy consumption. Although different methods have been successfully proposed by researchers to tackle...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can generally be classified into two categories: timedriven and event-driven. In an event-driven WSN, sensors report their readings only when they detect events. In such behavior, sensors in the event area may suffer from higher contention. In this paper, we solve this problem by jointly considering two subissues. One is exploiting the spatial correlation of data...

Choosing a path length for low latency anonymous networks that optimally balances security and performance is an open problem. Tor’s design decision to build paths with precisely three routers is thought to strike the correct balance. In this paper, we investigate this design decision by experimentally evaluating several of the key benefits and drawbacks of two-hop and three-hop paths. We find ...

One of the important issues in wireless networks is the Routing problem that is effective on system performance, in this article the attempt is made to propose a routing algorithm using the bee colony in order to reduce energy consumption in wireless relay networks. In EBCD algorithm, through combined of energy, distance and traffic parameters a routing algorithm for wireless networks is presen...

The Assured Forwarding Per Hop Behavior (AF PHB) has been devised by the IETF Differentiated Services (DiffServ) working group to provide drop level differentiation. The intent of AF is to support services with different loss requirements, but with no strict delay and jitter guarantees. Another suggested use of AF is to provide differentiated support for traffic conforming to an edge conditioni...

We had proposed a hop-by-hop IP traceback method that can reliably trace a source of an attack. In this paper, we describe the development and the evaluation of our prototype system. The main features of our proposed method are the packet feature, which is composed of specific packet information contained in a packet for identification of an unauthorized packet, and the algorithm using datalink...

MANET is a kind of Ad Hoc network with mobile, wireless nodes. Because of its special characteristics like dynamic topology, hop-by-hop communications and easy and quick setup, MANET faced lots of challenges allegorically routing, security and clustering. The security challenges arise due to MANET’s selfconfiguration and self-maintenance capabilities. In this paper, we present an elaborate view...