There is growing attention to complex scientific questions in legal cases and the need for scientific expert testimony in these cases, including environmental health issues. This commentary addresses some problems common in expert witness work and recommends ways in which the legal system, the scientist, and our educational institutions can enhance the roles of experts. These recommendations ma...

BACKGROUND Schoolboys (N = 156, M age = 13 years) participated in a disability awareness training program that included guest speakers (athletes from the Paralympics and the Special Olympics), a documentary about people with a disability, a disability simulation activity, and factual information about different disabilities. METHOD Participants were allocated to a training program or a contro...

AIM This paper describes and analyses the role of bed managers within hospitals, and how this can be supported through a development programme. BACKGROUND AND KEY ISSUES Bed management has increased in importance as access targets have developed, and appreciation of the importance of patient flow has grown. The bed management role is usually performed by nurse managers, and can be particularl...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of three different high-intensity interval training (HIT) regimens on endurance performance in highly trained endurance athletes. METHODS Before, and after 2 and 4 wk of training, 38 cyclists and triathletes (mean +/- SD; age = 25 +/- 6 yr; mass = 75 +/- 7 kg; VO(2peak) = 64.5 +/- 5.2 mL x kg(-1) min(-1)) performed: 1) a progressi...

In a randomized controlled study, we examined the effects of a one-on-one cognitive training program on memory, visual and auditory processing, processing speed, reasoning, attention, and General Intellectual Ability (GIA) score for students ages 8-14. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group to complete 60 h of cognitive training or to a wait-list control group. The ...

INTRODUCTION Contextual interference (CI) effect predicts that a random order of practice for multiple skills is superior for learning compared to a blocked order. We report a novel attempt to examine the CI effect during acquisition and transfer of anticipatory judgments from simulation training to an applied sport situation. METHOD Participants were required to anticipate tennis shots under...

The effects of musical interference and noise on pitch-matching accuracy were examined. Vocal training was explored as a factor influencing pitch-matching accuracy, and the relationship between pitch matching and pitch discrimination was examined. Twenty trained singers (TS) and 20 untrained individuals (UT) vocally matched tones in six conditions (immediate, four types of chords, noise). Funda...

One barrier to the dissemination of evidence-based psychological treatments is the fact that few clinicians have received training in how to implement them. A potential solution is "web-centred training". For any training programme to be successful it must match the perceived needs of the trainee as otherwise there is likely to be poor compliance. As part of the groundwork for developing a web-...

[Purpose] Recently, there has been growing interest in the somatosensory system, but little data exist on the interaction between dynamic postural control and the somatosensory system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training program, based on tactile and proprioceptive sensory stimulation of the trunk with the use of perceptual surfaces, improved the estimation of walking ...

We present results from six randomized control trials of an integrated approach to improve livelihoods among the very poor. The approach combines the transfer of a productive asset with consumption support, training, and coaching plus savings encouragement and health education and/or services. Results from the implementation of the same basic program, adapted to a wide variety of geographic and...