The methodology derived from the trace-context theory of intensity resolution (Durlach and Braida, 1969; Macmillan et al., 1988) was applied to resolution over an octave range along two continua: a sequential-frequency-ratio continuum for possessors of relative pitch (RP), and a pure-tone frequency continuum for possessors of absolute pitch (AP). The performance of both RP and AP possessors was...

The present study supplements research on semantic effects in word processing by focusing on the role that meanings of morphemes play in recognition of complex words. We present an overview of behavioral effects of six semantic properties characterizing the emotional and sensory connotations of English compounds and their morphemes, as well as their semantic richness. Semantics of compounds aff...

To investigate lateralization of duration and pitch discrimination processing with emphasis on the influences of task difficulty, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seventeen healthy volunteers performed paired auditory discrimination tasks at varying levels of difficulty. Analysis of lateralization effects revealed leftward lateralization within the insular and the te...

In an attempt to understand why different organisms defend against potential antigens differently, the influence of possible interactions between host-related factors and respective antigen repertoires on the complexity of host defense mechanisms was investigated. A compartmental model coupling these two variables was developed and tested. Data analysis suggests that the more complex the organi...

sympatric host race formation in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Genetics 163, 939–953 5 Linn, C. et al. (2003) Fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in Rhagoletis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 11490–11493 6 Feder, J.L. et al. (1988) Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature 336, 61–64 7 No...

As a possible viable and non-invasive method to identify high producing cells, Confocal Raman Microscopy was shown to be able to differentiate CHO host cell lines and derivative production clones. Cluster analysis of spectra and their derivatives was able to differentiate between different producer cell lines and a host, and also distinguished between an intracellular region of high lipid and p...

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate toxic or allergenic substances that enter through mucosal surfaces. Central to the immune system's ability to mobilize a response to an invading pathogen, toxin, or allergen is its ability to distinguish self from nonse...

Mutualistic microbes present in plant-associate microbial communities provide a variety of benefits for their host, including reciprocal exchange of nutrients and/or protection from biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. Plant microbiomes have remarkably robust composition in comparison to the complex and dynamic microbial environments from which they form, suggesting finely tuned discrimin...

non-somatic causes of pain may aggravate painful complaints and complicate the conservative management of diseases such as lumbo-sacral disk root disease. the two-point discrimination test has been used for assessment of diseases, which change patients' skin sensation. this study aims to find out how applicable is two-point discrimination test in the conservative treatment of lumbo-sacral disk ...

■ Abstract This review points out the problem of processing multiple sensory inputs and provides evidence that generalists suffer a disadvantage compared with specialists with respect to efficiency of host plant choice and discrimination. The specialists’ mechanisms for improved efficiency are discussed as well as some of the processes that may be selected to increase processing efficiency in g...