Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can have either harmful or beneficial effects on biological systems depending on the dose administered and the species of organism exposed, suggesting that application of reactive species can possibly produce contradictory effects in disease control, pathogen inactivation and activation of host resistance. A novel technology known as atmospheric-pressure non...

Bemisia tabaci was described over 100 years ago and has since become one of the most important pests worldwide in subtropical and tropical agriculture as well as in greenhouse production systems. It adapts easily to new host plants and geographical regions and has now been reported from all global continents except Antarctica. In the last decade, international transport of plant material and pe...

It is well established that some bacteria can suppress plant diseases through the expression of multiple mechanisms, including the direct inhibition of plant pathogens and the indirect induction of plant host resistance pathways (Kim et al., 2011). Because of this, microbes that form close associations with plants are the primary source of active ingredients in biopesticides for the control of ...

Gene-for-gene relationships are a common feature of plant-parasite interactions. Polymorphism at host resistance and parasite avirulence loci is maintained if there is negative, direct frequency-dependent selection on alleles of either gene. More specifically, selection of this kind is generated when the disease is polycyclic with frequent auto-infection. When an incompatible interaction occurs...

A nearly ubiquitous feature of plant-pathogen interactions is host cell death. In its most recognizable form, host cell death is manifested as the rapid collapse of tissue, termed the hypersensitive response (HR). This response accompanies “incompatible interactions” and leads to disease resistance. As detailed below, the HR is programmed genetically in the plant and is a consequence of new hos...

To examine the mediation of host–predator interaction by a parasite, we studied the three-level interactions among a host plant, a root hemiparasitic plant, and their common predator, a generalist snail herbivore. The host species, Trifolium repens, is able to synthesize cyanogenic glucosides that have a significant role in plant herbivore resistance. Some T. repens populations are polymorphic ...