nitrogen oxides (nox) contribute to a wide range of environmental effects including the formation of acid rain and destroy ozone layer. in-cylinder high temperature flame and high oxygen concentration are the parameters which affect the nox emissions. the egr system is a very effective way for reducing nox emission from a diesel engine (via reduction of these parameters), particularly at the hi...

Air may be dehumidified when it is brought into contact with a suitable liquid desiccant. Different types of liquid desiccants are available in the market and the application of the proper desiccant in hot humid climates would improve the dehumidification effectiveness. The driving potential for a dehumidification process is the difference in the pressure of the water vapor in the air and the w...

Effects of sample storage methods on the quantity and quality of labile soil organic carbon are not fully understood even though their effects on basic soil properties have been extensively studied. We studied the effects of air-drying and frozen storage on cold and hot water soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Cold- and hot-WSOC in air-dried and frozen-stored soils were linearly correlated with tho...

Under harsh weather conditions, closed transplant production systems (CTPS) are currently used to produce high quality transplants under artificial lighting. More than 70% of the electric energy consumed in the CTPS is for lighting. This article presents a simulation study to examine the possibility of using an alternative closed solar house, with radiation filtering roof, for transplant produc...

A hot-air sterilizer capable of exposing airborne microorganisms to elevated temperatures with an almost instantaneous heating time was developed and evaluated. With this apparatus, aerosolized Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores were killed in about 0.02 sec when exposed to temperatures above 260 C. This is about 500 times faster than killing times reported by others. Extrapolation and compari...

This study examined the use of hot-air drying in the preparation of pumpkin powder. The drying temperature was varied (50, 60 and 70°C) to determine the effect of temperature on physicochemical properties, powder properties and sorption characteristics of pumpkin powders. The results showed that a drying temperature of 70°C removes moisture from pumpkin slices faster than the lower drying tempe...

Models have been developed for static pressure and potential supply fan energy savings by using variable speed drive (VSD) in dual-duct constant volume systems. Experiments have been performed using a full size dual-duct constant volume system installed in a 68,000 ft (6,317 m) office and classroom building. The measured static pressure variations and the energy savings agree with the model pro...

This study explores the for labor-related production impacts of temperature stress both for its own interest and to understand the scope for adaptation to climate change. Focusing on non-agricultural output, I find that hot temperature exerts a significant causal impact on local labor product, with substantially larger effects in highly exposed industries such as construction, manufacturing, an...

A geothermal direct-use project utilizes a natural resource, a flow of geothermal fluid at elevated temperatures, which is capable of providing heat and/or cooling to buildings, greenhouses, aquaculture ponds, and industrial processes. Geothermal utilization requires matching the varied needs of the user and characteristics of the resource in order to development a successful project. Each appl...