José E. Martinez, MS-MT, is a senior validation scientist and validation project manager at Amgen Manufacturing Ltd., tel. 787.656.1011, [email protected]. y definition, thermophiles love heat. In fact, thermophiles thrive at temperatures that will kill most other forms of life. Regular thermophiles (referred to as thermophiles in this article) are organisms that live at temperatures 45 C and h...

One of the most promising applications of hot water is aquaculture. Temperature is one of the most principle parameters affects aquaculture life. It can cause stress and mortality or superior environment for growth and reproduction. Shrimp is warm water aquaculture type need hot water supply. To increase pond production it is necessary to keep water temperature at 34C. Artificial intelligence (...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The use of cold water during toothbrushing can cause dentine sensitivity and, to avoid this painful stimulus, some patients used to rinse their mouths with warm water when brushing. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of water temperature on the dental root surface during toothbrushing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fragments of bovine dental roots were submi...

BACKGROUND Legionella species may colonize in home water systems and cause Legionnaires' disease (LD). We herein report two cases of sporadic LD associated with the solar energy-heated hot water systems of the patients' houses. CASE REPORT A 60-year-old woman with chronic bronchitis and diabetes mellitus presented with a high fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed ...

Samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for Legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. Swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. Water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. Legionella pn...

The equipment used in collecting insects is simple and inexpensive. The average collector usually will need only a few items : Nets, killing bottles, suction bottle, tweezers, scissors, small brushes, and insect pins. Many collectors prefer to make most of their own equipment even though most items may be purchased from commercial supply companies. The insect net is essentially a cloth bag hung...

TO THE EDITOR: All published comparisons of local sweat sampling techniques (e.g., filter paper, gauze, skin scraping, pipette, rubber glove, or arm bag collections) versus the whole body wash down method have reported that local samples contained higher electrolyte concentrations (4). The present paper by Weschler (5) provides a hypothetical mechanism for these findings [i.e., sweat leaches el...

Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 causes Legionnaires' disease. Water systems contaminated with Legionella are the implicated sources of Legionnaires' disease. This study analyzed L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains in China using sequence-based typing. Strains were isolated from cooling towers (n = 96), hot springs (n = 42), and potable water systems (n = 26). Isolates from cooling towers, hot...