In the original Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) formulation, convergence of a particle towards its attractors is not guaranteed. A velocity constraint is successful in controlling the explosion, but not in improving the fine-grain search. Clerc and Kennedy studied this system, and proposed constriction methodologies to ensure convergence and to fine tune the search. Thus, they developed diffe...

     Introduction: Objective: This study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. Materials and methods: A total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. Access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. The teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with met...

Michael Walzer argues that except in cases involving genocide or mass slaughter, humanitarian intervention is unjustifiable because “citizens get the government they deserve, or, at least, the government for which they are ‘fit.’”1 Yet, if people are autonomous and deserve the government that rules over them, then it would seem that they are responsible for the government’s actions, including t...

Cosmopolitans often argue that the international community has a humanitarian responsibility to intervene militarily in order to protect vulnerable individuals from violent threats and to pursue the establishment of a condition of cosmopolitan justice based on the notion of a ‘global rule of law’. The purpose of this article is to argue that many of these cosmopolitan claims are incomplete and ...

Adrenergic constriction of skeletal muscle arterioles, particularly small terminal arterioles, is opposed by decreased blood flow or increased metabolic rate. Our previous studies indicate that neural constriction of large arterioles, which have both postjunctional a1and a2-adrenoceptors, is mediated by a1-receptors; small arterioles depend on a2-receptors. Also, a,2 but not ca, constriction is...

Virgil’s Aeneid has left an infinitely quotable legacy. Considered by many generations the pinnacle of Latin literature, it was all-but-required reading for the Roman elite from Augustus onward. The influence of the Aeneid on the extant works of the Silver Age of Latin literature is clear, though it takes various forms. Lucan’s Bellum Civile explicitly draws from the epic tradition Romanized by...