The German public sector is confronted with drastically increasing household deficits. Yet, a coherent concept of reorganizing public enterprises and administrations does not seem to be being applied, At the same time, economic models often appear too abstract or too complicated to be applied by practicioners. Some general guidelines must therefore be developed that are in line with economic re...

this paper presents a new index of financial stress which is constructed by macro data from different financial markets (including banking sector and also housing, foreign exchange and stock markets). the proposed approach has been applied to the iranian economy based on the available quarterly time series, covering the period 1991(1)–2008(2). the paper explains how the selected components capt...

We explore heat-related labor impacts both for their own interest and to understand the role of adaptation in responding to climate change. Focusing on non-agricultural sectors in the United States, we find that hot temperatures exert a causal negative impact on county-level payroll – reducing payroll by several percentage points in a 2◦C hotter year – with larger impacts in highly exposed indu...

I analyze the effect of inequality on economic growth in Latin America, where inequality is measured as the area of family farms as a percentage of the total area of agricultural holdings. Using data from 18 Latin American countries between 1960 and 2004, I find that inequality has a nonlinear effect on economic growth. Overall, for the countries included in this analysis, the share of family f...

In this paper we estimate the effect of agricultural electricity subsidies in India on groundwater extraction and agricultural output. Our empirical approach exploits changes in state electricity prices over time controlling for aggregate annual shocks and fixed district unobservables. Electricity subsidies meaningfully increase groundwater extraction, where the implied extensive margin price e...

Discrimination in the allocation of goods between boys and girls within households in Papua New Guinea is examined using Deaton’s (1989) outlay-equivalent ratio method. Adding a boy to the household reduces expenditure on adult goods by as much as would a nine-tenths reduction in total outlay per member, but girls have no effect on adult goods expenditure. The hypothesis of Haddad and Reardon (...

The present study aims to explore the causal relationship among economic growth energy consumption and urbanization environmental quality in ASEAN-5 countries. current conduct time series analysis countries using granger casualty model consisting data set from 1980 2018. outcomes of reveals that urban population cause CO2 emission suggested should reduce utilization fossil fuel based induct rob...

This papers analyses the causes behind Africa’s unfortunate transformation into the source of the world’s slaves over the early modern period. We discuss the economic and technological forces leading to it, and address questions such as why were most slave buyers Europeans and most slave sellers Africans. We then relate the discussion to the long-term determinants of African underdevelopment, a...

This paper reports on my replication of the 1997 Sachs and Warner resource curse working paper. Exact pure replication is achieved. A test for statistical replication shows that some of the Sachs and Warner results attempting to determine the cause of the resource curse are not robust to the country sample. A test for scientific replication shows that findings of the resource curse are not sens...

We estimate the development effects of electrification across Brazil over the period 1960–2000. We simulate a time series of hypothetical electricity grids for Brazil for the period 1960–2000 that show how the grid would have evolved had infrastructure investments been made based solely on geography-based cost considerations. Using the model as an instrument, we document large positive effects ...