Gear geometry was optimized for decreased transmission error in order to reduce gearbox noise. Robustness with respect to gear deviations and varying torque was considered in order to find a gear geometry giving low noise in the appropriate torque interval despite deviations from the nominal geometry due to manufacturing tolerances. Static and dynamic transmission error as well as noise and hou...

The housing industry is characterized for its repeated building defects causing cost increase and time delay during the construction. In Spain, despite the Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación (Building Regulation Act) which establishes a general framework within which to promote overall building quality, defects during construction in houses remain a pervasive problem. This paper presents the f...

Offsite construction has become popular in recent times due to the numerous benefits it offers compared traditional methods. This paper explores different offsite methods, motivations for adopting these approaches, and cost-effectiveness of methods UK housing sector using multiple case studies. Firstly, literature data were obtained from various sources including professional body reports, indu...

The aim of the study is to evaluate different production systems in pig farming including economic, animal welfare and environmental aspects with computer simulation. The computer model considers a vertically integrated system with farrowing, weaning, fattening and slaughtering stage as well as the transportation of pigs between theses stages. Housing systems were distinguished in individual an...

The issue of providing the population with affordable housing is one most pressing social concerns. Each region necessitates a distinct approach. purpose this article to identify factors that influence affordability level in region, analyze impact mechanisms inherent them, and assess quantitative these on index. following have direct affordability: rate inflation, size, cost housing, loan inter...

Chuck Newell and Michelle Heard For the third time in three years, Rice students will face an increase in food and housing costs. Strapped by the rising cost of food, utilities and labor, the Residential College Management Advisory Committee recommended a $200 increase in room and board to Dr. Hackerman last January 22. Room and board cost $1940 in 1977 and $1990 in 1978. Next year, student wil...

Ambient and indoor temperature affects thermal comfort and human health. In a changing climate with a predicted change in temperature extremes, understanding indoor temperatures, both hot and cold, of different housing types is important. This study aimed to assess the hourly, daily and monthly variation in indoor temperatures in different housing types, namely formal houses, informal houses, f...

Conventional cage housing for laying hens evolved as a cost-effective egg production system. Complying with mandated hen housing alternatives would raise marginal production costs and require sizable capital investment. California data indicate that shifts from conventional cages to barn housing would likely cause farm-level cost increases of about 40% per dozen. The US data on production costs...

This research is done with an aim to compare the quality of housing in the two common appartment form on the rendering of main indexes of housing quality through two pre-designed neighbourhoods of Haft HozNeighborhood and the first phase of Ekbatan residential complex in the city of Tehran. Indexes of housing quality are extracted from the internal and external resources and are subjected to qu...