Production, recycling, and elimination of urea are important to maintain nitrogen balance. Adaptation to varying loads of urea due to different protein intake or in renal failure may involve changes in urea transport and may possibly affect urea transporters. In this study, we examined the expression of the UT-B urea transporter in rats fed a low-protein diet (LPD), a high-protein diet (HPD), a...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 have been inactivated in vitro using low concentrations of methylene blue (MB), light (lambda) plus electricity (E), or hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) plus lambda. Both techniques introduce single strand interruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand ruptions into viral DNA, but do not make double strand breaks. MB, lambda plus E-treated v...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To present the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic aspects of 24 cases of human pulmonary dirofilariasis (HPD) from São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN Retrospective study of 24 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HPD over a 14-year period (from February 1982 to June 1996). SETTING Thoracic Surgery and Pulmonary Division, University of São Paulo and Hospital Albert Einstein, São P...

Haloperidol (i.e. HPD) and hydroxyzine (i.e. HXY), two effective and important tranquilizers with low redox activity, were found to generate an irreversible anodic peak at about +0.86 V (vs. SCE) or two anodic peaks at about +0.83 and +0.91 V in 0.05 M NaH₂PO₄-Na₂HPO₄ (pH=7.0) buffer solution with a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode (i.e. MWNTs/GC), respectively. Th...

Bayesian inference about small areas is of considerable current interest, and simultaneous intervals for the parameters for the areas are needed because these parameters are correlated. This is not usually pursued because with many areas the problem becomes difficult. We describe a method for finding simultaneous credible intervals for a relatively large number of parameters, each corresponding...

Ecological systems are generally considered among the most complex because they are characterized by a large number of diverse components, nonlinear interactions, scale multiplicity, and spatial heterogeneity. Hierarchy theory, as well as empirical evidence, suggests that complexity often takes the form of modularity in structure and functionality. Therefore, a hierarchical perspective can be e...

The invasion of the western Atlantic Ocean by the Indo-Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) has had devastating consequences for marine ecosystems. Estimating the number of colonizing lionfish can be useful in identifying the introduction pathway and can inform policy decisions aimed at preventing similar invasions. It is well-established that at least ten lionfish were initially introduced....

OBJECTIVE Pupillary autonomic neuropathy is considered an early sign of the development of systemic autonomic neuropathy. Sympathetic denervation is related to the duration of diabetes and the development of systemic autonomic dysfunction. We investigated pupil responsiveness to directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetics in type 1 diabetic patients with and without long-term complications,...