OBJECTIVES We investigated the incidence of new non-vertebral fractures during HRT or low-dose vitamin (Vit) D3 supplementation in a 5-year prospective trial. METHODS A total of 464 early postmenopausal women, (a subgroup of the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study, n = 13100) were randomized to four groups: (1) HRT, a sequential combination of 2 mg estradiol valerate and 1 mg cyproterone acetate; (2) V...

PURPOSE To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) and nerve fiber analyzer (GDx). METHODS Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Each subject had a normal visual field and a normal optic nerve head, which was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy using a 90 degrees lens. Using the HRT and GDx, RNFL ...

Increased bone mineral density (BMD), as a marker of higher integrated estrogen exposure over time, could be an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. In the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures 8065 non-black women age 65 years and older were followed for an average of 3.2 years. There were 121 incident breast cancer cases. The age adjusted incidence rate/1000 person years of breas...

The recent publication of some randomised control trials results and of two important cohort studies makes possible a better understanding of the relation between hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer. It is now well established that estrogen-progestin replacement therapy is associated with an elevation of breast cancer risk. It is not possible to define duration of treatment wit...

Laboratory, animal and neuroimaging evidences suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be beneficial to human cognition. This systematic review includes 26 studies on the association between HRT and cognition and 17 studies on HRT and risk of dementia. It was hypothesised that HRT would have a positive association with cognitive speed and verbal memory and possibly visual memory but n...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most efficacious intervention for the treatment of estrogen-deficiency symptoms. Prescriptions for HRT have fallen over the last 3 years due to anxiety provoked about breast cancer risk and recurrence that has been generated by recent clinical trials. In women at population risk of breast cancer, these trials have not shown risks greater than estimates f...

PURPOSE To compare measurements of the vertical diameter of the optic disk using the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) and planimetric methods. METHODS On the HRT, three measurements of the vertical disk diameter were made on 32 eyes from a composite image using the circle draw facility and were compared with three measurements of the central image of the 32 tomographic cuts. These were repe...

OBJECTIVE To assess the heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with SSc as a method of assessment for cardiac autonomic nervous function. METHODS We prospectively studied 68 consecutive patients with SSc before inclusion in the study. After a detailed clinical evaluation, including echocardiography, 45 subjects [aged 54.6 (14.7) years; 40 women] underwent 24-h Holter monitoring for HRT and t...

Factor analysis was applied to two stages biogas production from banana stem waste allowing a screening of the experimental variables second stage temperature (T), organic loading rates (OLR) and hydraulic retention times (HRT). Biogas production was found to be strongly influenced by all the above experimental variables. Results from factorial analysis have shown that all variables which were ...

The Million Women Study of 1.3 million UK women over the age of 50, coordinated by the Cancer Epidemiology Unit at Oxford, has established the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, and has had a dramatic effect on HRT prescription patterns and prescription guidelines worldwide. This has had a major impact on women's health. Prior to ...