In this work, a functionally graded material (FGM) part was fabricated by depositing Cu-based alloy on top of high strength low (HSLA) steel twin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM). Copper parts are interest in many industries since they can combine thermal/electrical conductivity, wear resistance with excellent mechanical properties. However, mixing copper is difficult due to mismatc...

This paper aims to investigate the fabrication of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels by wire and arc-based directed energy deposition (WADED). Firstly, relationship between process variables (including travel speed-V, current-C, voltage-U) geometrical characteristics weld beads bead height (BH), width (BW), melting pool length (MPL)) was investigated. Secondly, optimal were identified using ...

Nb–Ti microalloyed low carbon high strength alloy (HSLA) steels are used to fabricate components, particularly for the automobile and piping applications requiring optimum combination of mechanical properties along with good weldability. These depend on transformed ferrite microstructure grain size obtained after cooling from hot rolling temperatures which always well above austenitizing temper...

The shipbuilding industry has placed an emphasis on establishing digital twin prototypes to advance computational lifecycle analysis capabilities. However, material processing data is not currently included in simulations for structural performance, which could lead inaccuracies. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) techniques yield a path solving this problem through linking i...