The dynamics of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) provirus expression in vivo are unknown. There is much evidence to suggest that HTLV-1 gene expression is restricted: this restricted gene expression may contribute to HTLV-1 persistence by limiting the ability of the HTLV-1-specific CD8(+) cell immune response to clear infected cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that derepr...

OBJECTIVES Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 causes T-cell leukaemia and myelopathy. Together with HTLV-2, it is endemic in some African nations. Seroprevalence data from Malawi are scarce, with no reports on associated disease incidence. HTLV seroprevalence and type were tested in 418 healthy mothers from Malawi. In addition, we tested the sera of 534 children to investigate mother-to-child ...

Infection by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is thought to cause dysregulated T-cell proliferation, which in turn leads to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Early cellular changes after HTLV-1 infection have been difficult to study due to the poorly infectious nature of HTLV-1 and the need for cell-to-cell contact for HTLV-1 transmission. Using a series of reporter systems, we sho...

Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus described. Some time after its discovery a group of diseases were related to this virus, such as, adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and HTLV-1 associated uveitis (HAU). In the nineties, HTLV-1 was associated to a severe eczema of children, calle...

Type I interferon (IFN-I) inhibits the replication of different viruses. However, the effect of IFN-I on the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) viral cycle is controversial. Here, we investigated the consequences of IFN-α addition for different steps of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection. We first show that alpha interferon (IFN-α) efficiently impairs HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 de novo infection in a T...

objective: htlv-1 and htlv-2 are widespread worldwide and endemic in several areas such as northeastern iran. the present survey aimed to determine the prevalence of htlv-1 and htlv-2 among healthy individuals in neyshabour city during the years of 2010-2014. methods: a total of 8054 blood samples were collected from participants referred to the great medical diagnostic laboratory in neyshabur,...

Seminal fluid enhanced human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection by transactivating the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat promoter, which is chromosomally integrated in a cell-type-dependent manner. Our data may indicate a potential role for seminal fluid in the sexual transmission of HTLV-1 and imply complex features of regulation of HTLV-1 expression.