neuroinflammation is inflammation of the nervous tissue. it be initiated in response to infection, toxic metabolites, auto immunity, traumatic brain injury and variety of causes. exercise is a promising mechanism of prevention and treatment for disease characterized by neuroinflammation. the benefits of exercise and physical activity (pa) are well known and have effects on function of the centr...

background: probiotics are “live”, beneficial microbes that provide important health benefits in their hosts. there is significant interest in the modulation and regulation of the immune function by probiotics. objective: to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic mixture, including lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species, by detecting serum cytokine and immunoglobulin levels....

background: a number of medicinal plants have been used to treat various immunological diseases. nitric oxide (no) has an important regulatory role in the various types of inflammatory processes. objective: to investigate the no modulatory activity of the extracts of several medicinal plants native to iran including dracocephalum kotschyi, linum persicum, dionysia termeana, salvia mirzayanii, f...

cancer immunotherapy (passive or active) involves treatments which promote the ability of the immune system to fight tumor cells. several types of immunotherapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, non-specific immunomodulatory agents, and cancer vaccines are currently under intensive investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. cancer vaccines induce pe...

Transplantation of human islets is an attractive alternative to daily insulin injections for patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the majority of islet recipients lose graft function within five years. Inflammation is a primary contributor to graft loss, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine activity can reverse inflammation mediated dysfunction of islet grafts. As mesenchymal stem cells ...

Eosinophils are innate immune leukocytes implicated in the initiation and maintenance of type 2 immune responses, including asthma and allergy. The ability to store and rapidly secrete preformed cytokines distinguishes eosinophils from most lymphocytes, which must synthesize cytokine proteins prior to secretion and may be a factor in the apparent Th2 bias of eosinophils. Multiple studies confir...

Purpose : to analyze intraocular fluid (IOF) cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal therapy angiogenesis inhibitors or corticosteroids (CS). Materials and methods . 44 (45 eyes) were divided 2 groups depending on the therapy: group 1 (n = 19) received an inhibitor (aflibercept) while group2 26) CS (dexamethasone implant). They tested for IOF lev...

background: leishmania is a significant health problem in many parts of the world. tumor necrosis factor (tnf) plays an essential role in leishmania major infections. objective: to study the pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants in four groups of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. methods: 39 patients were divided into four groups of: 1) active (acute phase of treatment); 2) non-healing (r...

based on the evidence regarding the relationship between inflammatory processes and stress responses, the present study investigated the association between psychological stress and elevation of inflammatory mediators related to periodontal disease in adult patients.the study consisted of 50 patients including 25 patients with chronic periodontitis and 25 cases with aggressive periodontitis. tw...