The concept of substantial equivalence, introduced for the risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) food, is a reducing concept because it ignores the context in which these products have been produced and brought to the consumer at the end of the food chain. Food quality cannot be restricted to mere substance and food acts on human beings not only at the level of nutrition but also through...

Agriculture sector plays very crucial role in the economic growth of India. For sustaining its further growth, supply chain of agriculture sector needs to be strengthened. Agriculture sector is facing lot of challenges due to poor infrastructure, unorganised retail market, poor adoption of modern technology and overall inefficient supply chain. There is strong need to develop linkages between f...

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the keystone of European Union (EU) risk assessment for food and feed safety. In collaboration with national authorities and in consultation with its stakeholders, EFSA provides independent scientific advice and information about existing and emerging risks. Assessing biological risks at the human-animal interface is becoming ever more challenging be...

background: mercury (hg) is a hazardous metal responsible for environmental contamination and human intoxication. methyl mercury bio-accumulation through food chain can be responsible for chronic mercury exposure of south caspian sea communities with a diet rich in fish. uncertainties about exposure levels that could have damaging consequences for nervous system development of infants makes bio...

Dioxins are a group of chemically-related compounds that are persistent environmental pollutants. Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment and they accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals. More than 90% of human exposure is through food, mainly meat and dairy products, fish and shellfish. Many national authorities have programmes in place to monitor ...

results in 12 patients (37%), human papilloma virus was detected by pcr method. in addition, there was no difference in distribution of patients with respect to affliction with human papilloma virus between high-risk and low-risk groups. there was no relationship between clinical manifestation and type of papilloma virus. materials and methods this cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 pati...

conclusions human papillomavirus 16 as a high risk hpv was found to have the highest frequency among patients with anogenital warts. results out of 54 samples, 46 (85.18%) cases showed positive results for hpv dna. a total of 26 (56.6%) samples were males and 20 (43.4%) females while eight (14.81%) showed hpv negative results. overall, 37 (80%) patients had multiple sexual partners, and nine (2...

background: seborrheic keratoses (sk) are common, benign and often multiple skin tumors with disputed etiology. a follicular origin, late onset nevoid disturbance or local arrest in maturation of keratinocytes have been proposed. human papilloma virus (hpv) has been detected in a small number of cases, particularly those from the genital region. objectives: the aim of our study was to evaluate ...

Background: The instinct and natural tendency to eat food is an undeniable fact in human and all human beings, even the messengers of Allah and Infallible Imams (A.S) need it in order to keep themselves healthy. Methods: In this review study, using the teachings of the Holy Quran and other Islamic texts, the importance and role of food and healthy nutrition and its role in elevating human being...