<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: In dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, Indonesian government made a regulation that all citizens who have met requirements must vaccinate against Covid-19. There are moreover 27.6% of individuals don't know whether to be immunized or not. Of 7.6% people need immunized, 59% them uncertain security immunization, 43.17% adequacy 24.2% perplexed s...

BACKGROUND Frequent supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) with the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) represent the primary strategy to interrupt poliovirus transmission in the last endemic areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a differential-equation based poliovirus transmission model tailored to high-risk areas in Nigeria, we perform one-way and multi-way sensitivity analyses to demonstrate ...

The best known correlate of protection provided by vaccines is the presence of pathogen specific antibodies after immunization. However, against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) the mere presence of antibodies specific for the viral Envelope (Env) protein is not sufficient to provide protection. This necessitates in depth study of the humoral responses elicited during infection and by...

Immunization is today one of the safest, most cost-effective, and powerful means of preventing deaths and improving lives. Over the years, all countries of the world have incorporated an increasingly broad immunization agenda in their public health interventions. Immunization programmes are now routinely reaching over 80 percent of children under one year of age. Iran and Turkey with a populati...