A major problem which characterizes many of the studies of the history of American medicine is that they, like Sargent, ascribe sole importance to the physician, thereby attaching little importance to the patient's perspective. For example, Paul Starr's recent popular work, The Social Transformation ofAmerican Medicine, includes the following phrase in its subtitle: "the rise of a sovereign PRO...

ANNOTATION Ever since the extraordinary observations of Hippocrates gave birth to medical science nearly 2,400 years ago, fever has been universally regarded as a cardinal sign of illness. Yet its cause, like that of several other common signs and symptoms of disease such as malaise, has long remained obscure. Perhaps the frequent occurrence of vomiting in the various enteric fevers prevalent i...

To my father iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My journey through the PhD program has been a long one, taking me from robotics, to computer vision, to machine learning, and finally to theory. Making so many transitions slowed my graduation, no doubt, but it also allowed me to work with leaders across several research fields and has given me a better perspective on the The most important man in my PhD career...

There is a good deal of evidence that the lens generates an internal micro circulatory system, which brings metabolites, like glucose, and antioxidants, like ascorbate, into the lens along the extracellular spaces between cells. Calcium also ought to be carried into the lens by this system. If so, the only path for Ca2+ to get out of the lens is to move down its electrochemical gradient into fi...

Gait has few important advantages over other forms of 19 biometric identification. It can be acquired at a distance 20 when other biometrics are obscured or the resolution 21 is insufficient. It does not require subject cooperation 22 and can be acquired in a noninvasive manner. It is easy 23 to observe and hard to disguise as walking is neces24 sary for human mobility. Gait can be acquired fro...

The purpose of this study was to develop novel liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) that display improved pre-ocular residence time and ocular bioavailability and that can be used as an ophthalmic delivery system for tetrandrine (TET). The delivery system consisted of three primary components, including glyceryl monoolein, poloxamer 407, and water, and two secondary components, including Ge...

ver 2000 years ago, Hippocrates and the ancient Greeks believed that humors (bodily fluids) determined an individual’s behavior and disposition (On the Nature of Man, attributed to Hippocrates, 4th century BC). Although subsequent advances in genetics and biochemistry have disproved this, the powerful idea that our blood and tissues may hold the keys to health and disease has taken root. What i...

Economic disparity affects the health of persons around the world, and various societal, environmental, and economic factors influence the emergence of infectious diseases. Similarly, emerging infectious diseases have a social and economic impact, including diminished economic productivity, increased expenditures on public heath, deferred external investment and development, and reduced travel ...

J ohn Hunter, the acclaimed “father of scientifi c surgery,” understood human anatomy through a process of careful dissection. From 1750 to 1793, he revolutionized modern surgical anatomy through the dissection of thousands of human samples derived from fresh human cadavers, which came from fresh graves (1). He was credited with educating over 2000 surgeons globally based on the doctrine of obs...

Economic disparity affects the health of persons around the world, and various societal, environmental, and economic factors influence the emergence of infectious diseases. Similarly, emerging infectious diseases have a social and economic impact, including diminished economic productivity, increased expenditures on public heath, deferred external investment and development, and reduced travel ...