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Tree species and litter play a key role in the functioning of forest ecosystems as influential factors affecting soil ecological processes distribution humus forms. This study investigates morphology under different trees on compacted skid trails at time intervals after skidding operations (6, 10, 20 years) Kheyrud forest, Nowshahr. Each trail was identified with three replications pure beech, ...

Antarctylus humus n. gen., n. sp. from peat soil in the subantarctic is proposed. It can be distinguished from the most closely related genus Helicotylenchus by the arrangement of the esophageal glands, the broadly rounded lip region, and the tapering pointed tail in the female.

vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. the goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. the worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like materia...

The concentration of mercury was determined in samples of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, the moss Pleurozium schreberi, and the soil humus collected in Polish and Czech Euroregions Praded and Glacensis. The sampling sites were located in Bory Stobrawskie, Bory Niemodlińskie and Kotlina Kłodzka in Poland, and in Jeseniki and Gory Orlickie in the Czech Republic. The mean concentrations of mercur...