Head measurements at a single observation well during a cross-hole pumping test carry a great amount of information about aquifer heterogeneity other than the average property of the aquifer as implied in Theis analysis of aquifer test. In this commentary, we use simple examples and a probabilistic reasoning approach based on Darcy’s law to unravel this information, buried in the results of qua...

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Pilot plant composed of fabric filters integrated with the decentralized treatment plant ZECUwas tested for its ability to remove the suspended solids and organic matters presented as TSS, CODt and CODs from wastewater. The filters were made from scrim polyester non-woven fa...

Looped water distribution systems are conventionally analyzed by using iterative numerical methods. The aim of the applied numerical methods is to solve the system of non-linear equations which express the energy and mass balance at the nodes. Instead of the widely used numerical solution of these non-linear equations, this paper introduces two heuristic optimization-based models for the hydrau...

Based on FBG fiber Bragg grating technology and BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensing technology, this study used fine sand to simulate overburden layer in vertical shaft model equipment. The placing technique and test method for optical fiber sensors in the overburden layer were studied, combined with MODFLOW software to simulate the change of the water head value when the overburden layer w...

is often still limited by the ill-posedness of the problem being considered. Ill-posedness in general is affected Inverse methods are increasingly used to estimate the hydraulic by nonoptimal experimental design, poor measurement properties of unsaturated soils. The method generally uses a weighted least-squares approach in which numerically simulated data are fitted quality, errors in the assu...

abstract determining saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is one of the important soil characteristics that its estimation is important in soil and water studies. there are several methods for estimating ks in unsaturated conditions. these methods include the inversed-auger-hole method, the double-ring infiltrometer and the single-ring pressure infiltrometer. the measurement of ks by these met...

This study developed an original constant-head permeability apparatus for rocks. can freely adjust the confining pressure and hydraulic (hydraulic gradient), directly measure runoff volume using electronic balance. conductivity more accurately than conventional method that measures a measuring cylinder. Second, this measured of Inada granite specimens (50 mm in diameter 40 length) under conditi...

Hydraulic turbines for energy recovery in wastewater treatment plants, with relatively large discharges values and small head jumps, are usually screw Archimedes or Kaplan types. In the specific case of a jump (about 3 m) underlying rectangular weir major Palermo (Italy) water plant, traditional solution is compared two other new proposals: Hydrostatic Pressure Machine (HPM) located at upstream...