We investigated the role of hydraulic conductivity, wood density, and xylem cavitation in the response of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) seedlings to increased soil salinity and drought. One-year-old, greenhouse-grown seedlings were irrigated daily with a 100 mM (≈6‰) salt solution or once per week with fresh water (drought). Controls were irrigated daily with fresh water. Gas exchange rates ...

This review examines the evolution of the plant vascular system from its beginnings in the green algae to modern arborescent plants, highlighting the recent advances in developmental, organismal, geochemical and climatological research that have contributed to our understanding of the evolution of xylem. Hydraulic trade-offs in vascular structure-function are discussed in the context of canopy ...

The aim of this work was to investigate the resistance to hydraulic shock loads of flocculent versus granular sludge used in UASB reactors treating sewage with high solids content. Step-wise shock loads were conducted through decreasing HRT to examine the extent of reducing this parameter without significantly changing COD removal efficiency of the reactor. The lowest HRT of 4h resulted in only...

More than 40 000 km year of water flows through the intricate hydraulic pathways inside leaves. This water not only sustains terrestrial productivity, but also constitutes nearly70%of terrestrial evapotranspiration, thereby influencing both global and local climate (Chapin et al. 2002). Thus, the central role played by leaf vascular systems in terrestrial biology provides an important context f...

To design hydraulic structures, predicting the discharge of flood is necessary, the main cause lies in failure that may occur in downstream. Most hydraulic structures were destructed because of the lack of resistance against floods with flow rate more than design flood, so selecting design flood is one of important decisions should be made as an effective factor accompany with other hydrologic ...

An accurate dynamic model is important for both controller design and mission simulation, regardless of the control strategy employed. In this paper, a dynamic model for a 3500m underwater manipulator in flow disturbance is established based on Morison method. The technique provides a direct method for incorporating external environmental forces into the model. Applying the superposition princi...

sures experienced by a pipeline can be either beneficial or detrimental from an operational performance perspective, depending on the amount, the two phase regime of the mixture (whether homogeneous or slug) and the nature and cause of the transient. It is generally held that when free (undissolved) air, or gas, is present in a hydraulic system, it can greatly reduce the surge pressure levels b...

A novel experimental approach to determine soil hydraulic material properties for the dry and very dry range is presented. Evaporation from the surface of a soil column is controlled by a constant flux of preconditioned air and the resulting vapour flux is measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy. The data are inverted under the assumptions that (i) the simultaneous movement of water in the...

This paper presents a new kind of shock absorber, hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber (HESA), which can recover energy from vibration of vehicles. The road excitation frequency, load resistance and damping ratio are found to greatly affect the energy recovery of HESA. Based on a quarter-car model, the optimal load resistance and damping ratio for maximizing the energy-r...