Agriculture drought occurs when moisture level in soils is insufficient to maintain average crop yields. Initial consequences are in the reduced seasonal output of crops & other related production. An extreme agricultural drought can lead to a famine, which is a prolonged shortage of food in a restricted region causing widespread diseases and deaths from starvation. Agriculture drought is mainl...

General circulation models (GCMs) are routinely used to simulate future climatic conditions. However, rainfall outputs from GCMs are highly uncertain in preserving temporal correlations, frequencies, and intensity distributions, which limits their direct application for downscaling and hydrological modeling studies. To address these limitations, raw outputs of GCMs or regional climate models ar...

Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over season or even years. affects people more than any other natural disaster due to its widespread and significant negative impacts. Population growth associated water demand add further stress on resources, especially in periods of drought. indices represent single value resulting from processing considerable amount data. These provide short me...

introduction: climate change is one of the most significant challenges in sustainable development that has negative effects on land and marine ecosystems. this phenomenon leads to imbalances that cause effects including hydrological changes, increased soil erosion, increased runoffs and reduced groundwater aquifer feeding, etc. effects of climate changes over the past decade have significantly ...

It is essential to consider the acceptable threshold in the assessment of a hydrological model because of the scarcity of research in the hydrology community and errors do not necessarily cause risk. Two forecast errors, including rainfall forecast error and peak flood forecast error, have been studied based on the reliability theory. The first order second moment (FOSM) and bound methods are u...

Data mining has a significant role in hyrdrologic research. Among several methods of data mining, Bayesian network theory great importance and wide applications as well. The drought indices are very useful tools for monitoring forecasting. However, the multi-scaling nature standardized type creates problems analysis reanalysis at regional level. This paper presents novel framework hydrological ...

Droughts occur as a result of lack water compared with normal conditions. Whilst this appears trivial, the exact drought definition is not. Especially different types are present, resulting from variables in hydrological system, each unique characteristics. We use common definition, percentile score, and apply same across all types, to study whether actual occurrence droughts matches definition...

In this study we investigated an approach to the calculation of a Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) that allows accurate spatial and temporal comparison of the hydrological conditions of a stream or set of streams. For this purpose the capability of six three-parameter distributions (lognormal, Pearson type III, log-logistic, General Extreme Value, Generalized Pareto and Weibull) and two diff...