The default growth pattern of primary roots of land plants is directed by gravity. However, roots possess the ability to sense and respond directionally to other chemical and physical stimuli, separately and in combination. Therefore, these root tropic responses must be antagonistic to gravitropism. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in gravitropism of maize and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis ...

The rheology and shear-induced structures of a series of self-assembled surfactant worm-like micelles (WLMs) with varying levels of branching are measured using rheoand flow-small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The degree of branching in the mixed cationic/anionic surfactant (CTAT/SDBS) WLMs is controlled via the addition of the hydrotropic salt sodium tosylate and verified by cryo-TEM. The l...

The miscibility range for water sodium propionate pentanol mixtures has been determined at 298 K. The phase equilibria are compared with ‘normal’ and ‘ detergentless ’ microemulsion systems. Sodium propionate imposes a very slight salting out action (if any) on pentanol in dilute aqueous solutions. However, pentanol gains full miscibility with concentrated salt solutions. Volumetry was chosen t...

bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infect bacteria, and is distinct from the animal and plant viruses that could have either lytic or lysogenic cycle. lytic phages known as candidates for phage therapy, since they rapidly replicate into their host and lyse them. theoretically, phages have more than a few benefits over routine antibiotics. they are extremely specific and for their targeted ho...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of eucalyptus galbie and myrtus communis l. methanolic extracts, chlorhexidine (chx) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) on enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) as the predominant species isolated from infected root canals. methods and materials: one hundred twenty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 8 groups: e...

the aim of this study was to assess the effect of 30% hydrogen peroxide on the microleakage of class v cavities restored with either a silorane-based composite or two methacrylate-based composites.a total of 96 standard class v cavities (1.5 × 2 × 3 mm) were prepared on the buccal surface of sound extracted human premolars with both enamel and dentin margins and randomly assigned into three gro...

the difficult to handle and store zinc borohydride, zn(bh4)2, is stabilized by supporting it on polyvinylpyridine. this new mild, efficient, selective, and regenerable polymer supported borohydride reducing agent reduces a variety organic compounds such as, aldehydes, a-b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acid chlorides, epoxides, disulfides, as well as reductive acetylation of carbonyl compounds...

mobile-ad-hoc-networks (manets) are self-configuring networks of mobile nodes, which communicate through wireless links. the infrastructure of a mobile ad hoc network (manet) has no routers for routing, and all nodes must share the same routing protocol to assist each other when transmitting messages. the main issues in manets include the mobility of the network nodes, the scarcity of computati...

conclusions combination therapy with surgical excision has a synergistic effect and appears to be the best treatment for extended lesions. however, new potent antibacterial drugs may help to improve the management of such infections when there are sufficient data on their in vitro activity. introduction nocardia species are described as opportunistic pathogens that mainly cause pulmonary nocard...

background chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) is the most common antimicrobial agent used against oral pathogens, however information on its ability to inhibit and disrupt anaerobic single and multispecies biofilms is relatively unknown. objectives the purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of chx for its biofilm inhibition and disruption properties using crystal violet assay. materials and ...