Parathyroid cyst is one of the least common causes neck and mediastinal mass often mistaken be thyroid cyst. Despite advancement in radiological cytological investigations diagnosing a parathyroid had always been clinical challenge for pathology it only diagnosed during histopathological examination post-surgical resection. The pathogenesis includes embryological remnant 3 or 4 branchial arch w...

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was originally isolated as a causal factor for hypercalcemia of malignancy (HM), one of the most frequent paraneoplastic syndromes. The association of hypercalcemia with malignancy was originally assumed to be the result of tumor invasion of bone with resultant osteolysis (1,2), but subsequent studies demonstrated an association of hypercalcemia with ...

The cause or causes of hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria in sarcoidosis are obscure. Harrell and Fisher (1) were the first to emphasize that hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase could occur in this disease. Dent etat (2) believed that bone destruction represented the cause of hypercalcemia. Anderson et at (3) concluded from their studies that increased calcium a...

Dear Sir, Severe hypercalcemia represents a lifethreatening emergency and its management is still difficult. Patients with malignancies who develop hypercalcemia generally have a poor outcome [1]. The administration of fluids, diuretics, steroids, diphosphonates, calcitonin and hemodialysis are the most common therapeutic options [2], We report the case of a patient with hypercalcemia related t...

Long-standing burns, fissures, and ulcers that undergo malignant transformation into a variety of malignancies, including squamous cell carcinoma, is commonly referred to as a Marjolin's ulcer. It is well recognized that squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and esophagus can cause humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy secondary to paraneoplastic secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide. H...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hypercalcemia can result in nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis and may lead to renal failure. Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia is caused by mutations of the CYP24A1 gene, which regulates vitamin D activity. Classically infants present with hypercalcemia. Recently, a number of individuals have been reported with late onset clinical manifestation or late diagnosis in adulthood. Al...

Association of dysregulated calcium homeostasis and granulomatous disease is well established. There exist reports in the literature of granulomatous reactions produced by silicones associated with hypercalcemia. In this case series we report four young women that underwent methacrylate injections in gluteus, thighs and calves that developed granulomas with posterior appearance of hypercalcemia...

Hypercalcemia is a rare condition in childhood; the most common causes are primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, prolonged immobilisation, thyrotoxicosis, thiazide diuretic, supplements containing calcium, milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin D intoxication, infections and idiopathic. We present three cases of severe hypercalcemia of unusual causes in children. The first patient had high fever, poo...

BACKGROUND Osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia without peripheral blasts B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is reported in children but rarely seen in adults. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 34-year old man presenting with hypercalcemia and symptomatic osteolytic bone lesions of vertebrae and ribs who was initially suspected as having a solid malignancy. Diagnostic ...