1. The role of the plasma sodium concentration in the regulation of aldosterone secretion and sodium excretion was investigated by comparing in 13 conscious sodium-depleted dogs the effects of the same sodium load (2.5 mmol/kg) given as either a hypertonic or hypotonic infusion. 2. The plasma sodium concentration was significantly higher and the plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary aldo...

When a muscle has been soaked in a moderately hypertonic solution its mechanical response to a shock is delayed, but its heat production is almost normal and starts considerably earlier than its shortening. After a more hypertonic solution the mechanical response is abolished, but a substantial part of the heat production remains. These effects are rapidly reversed by soaking in a normal isoton...

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of mannitol and hypertonic saline for reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched until July 3, 2014 using the terms intracranial hypertension, mannitol, and hypertonic saline. Randomized controlled trials and 2-arm prospectiv...

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Cystatin C have shown to be good predictive factors for AKI. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of hypertonic saline in cardiac operations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophyl...

BACKGROUND Abnormal homeostasis of the volume of airway surface liquid in patients with cystic fibrosis is thought to produce defects in mucus clearance and airway defense. Through osmotic forces, hypertonic saline may increase the volume of airway surface liquid, restore mucus clearance, and improve lung function. METHODS A total of 24 patients with cystic fibrosis were randomly assigned to ...

When a muscle has been soaked in a moderately hypertonic solution its mechanical response to a shock is delayed, but its heat production is almost normal and starts considerably earlier than its shortening. After a more hypertonic solution the mechanical response is abolished, but a substantial part of the heat production remains. These effects are rapidly reversed by soaking in a normal isoton...

PURPOSE This study was done to examine the effects of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash and tooth brushing education on the oral health of elders living in long term care facilities. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to a 2% experimental group (n=20), a 4% experimental group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeat...

This study was undertaken to determine if neurons in the lamina terminalis, previously identified as projecting to the kidney (35), were responsive to alterations in stimuli associated with fluid balance homeostasis. Neurons in the lamina terminalis projecting to the kidney were identified by the retrograde transynaptic transport of Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus in anesthetized rats. Ra...

Microelectrode techniques were used to study the electrophysiological effects of hypertonic solutions on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Tyrode's solution was rendered hyperosmotic by the addition of sucrose to produce 320, 350, 400, and 500 mOsm solutions. Hyperosmotic solutions produced sucrose concentration-dependent hyperpolarization, increased the current required to effect all-or-none dep...

Neurosurgery requires the use of osmotic agents to reduce intracranial pressure which can adversely affect coagulation. Thromboelastography provides early indicator of derangement of coagulation. A prospective, non randomized pilot study was conducted to compare the effect of administration of either mannitol or hypertonic saline and when combined with hydroxy ethyl starch on coagulation and pl...