Experiments were performed on rod photoreceptors isolated from the eye of the larval tiger salamander to determine if the same or different mechanisms underlie the desensitization produced by dim background light (background adaptation) and that which persists in the steady state in darkness after a significant fraction of the photopigment is bleached (bleaching adaptation). We have examined ad...

The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of prematurational culture (pre-IVM) supplemented with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of in vitro-grown bovine oocytes. In experiment 1, oocytes (95 μm in diameter) derived from early antral follicles (0.5–1 mm in diameter) were cultured for 12 days for in vitro growth (IVG). IVG oocytes with a norm...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are a family of ion channels activated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides. Endogenous channels have been used to measure cyclic nucleotide signals in photoreceptor outer segments and olfactory cilia for decades. Here we have investigated the subcellular localization of cGMP signals by monitoring CNG channel activity in response to agonists that activate ...

Long-term facilitation (LTF), a form of synaptic plasticity demonstrated at the crayfish neuromuscular junction, is induced by tetanic stimulation and persists for hours. LTF can be divided into 2 phases: a tetanic phase, which occurs during stimulation, and a long-lasting phase, which persists after stimulation. Activators and potentiators of cAMP (forskolin and 3-isobutyl-methyl-xanthine) pro...