The present study investigated the effects of subcutaneous (sc) and intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor), atropine (an antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors) and hexamethonium (an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors) on the acute corneal nociception in rats. Local application of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface of the ...

intelligent wells provide the ability for monitoring and control of downhole environment of the wells. downhole monitoring is achieved through sensors while control is realized with downhole valves. recovery from intelligent wells can be improved by proper selection of candidate wells/fields and optimizing the number, location and performance of the installed interval control valves. design cri...

intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of crocus sativus l. extract (cse) was evaluated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the stz-injected rats received cse (60 mg/kg; i.p.) every o...

background and objective: intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of saffron main component, safranal was investigated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. materials and methods: for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the st...

Traditionally, the calibration of safety critical nuclear instrumentation has been performed during each refueling outage. However, many nuclear plants have moved toward conditiondirected rather than time-directed calibration. This condition-directed calibration is accomplished through the use of on-line monitoring. On-line monitoring (OLM) commonly uses an autoassociative empirical modeling ar...

OBJECTIVE Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide expressed in central nervous system areas known to be involved in food intake. We therefore hypothesized that PK2 plays a role in energy homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the effect of nutritional status on hypothalamic PK2 expression and effects of PK2 on the regulation of food intake by intracerebroventricu...

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. This disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder accompanied with severe learning and memory impairment. Exercise increases cognitive ability, attenuates motor deficits, increases new neuron formation, and ameliorates neurological impairments in several neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the effects of tread...

Hwa, Joyce J., Melanie B. Witten, Patricia Williams, Lorraine Ghibaudi, Jun Gao, Brian G. Salisbury, Deborra Mullins, Fozia Hamud, Catherine D. Strader, and Eric M. Parker. Activation of the NPY Y5 receptor regulates both feeding and energy expenditure. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R1428–R1434, 1999.—Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of neuropeptide...

OBJECTIVES To examine the ease with which underage smokers can purchase cigarettes online using money orders and to evaluate the effectiveness of internet filtering programs in blocking access to internet cigarette vendors (ICVs). DESIGN Four young people purchased 32 money orders using 32 different names to buy one carton of cigarettes for each named individual. Each money order was subseque...