Self-construal refers to the process by which individuals define self in relation others. It underpins cognition, motivation, and social behavior. While importance of is well acknowledged field second language (L2) learning how self-construal associated with L2 motivation project-based (PBL) settings remains understudied. Further, considering observed link between gender, may also account for g...

Purpose – If the ideal self is the emotional driver of intentional change, the purpose of this paper is to explore the components of a person’s personal vision and how it comes from their ideal self. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the concept of the ideal self from intentional change theory, the paper examines a variety of theoretical foundations, from psychoanalytic to positive psychol...

<p><span lang="EN-US">This article presents the results of a research study on role that affective motivation plays in learning second language (L2). There were 171 American university students Spain, German, Italy, and Japan as participated study. This was an ex post facto, cross-sectional, correlational quantitative informs us which is type most beneficial for learners considers v...

During cellular invasion, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) must transfer its viral genome (vDNA) across the endosomal membrane prior to its accumulation at nuclear PML bodies for the establishment of infection. After cellular uptake, the capsid likely undergoes pH-dependent disassembly within the endo-/lysosomal compartment, thereby exposing hidden domains in L2 that facilitate membrane pen...

This paper reports on an adaptation and validation study of Self-regulating Capacity in Vocabulary Learning Scale (Tseng et al. 2006) in a Japanese EFL setting. The piloting phase revealed that factor structures were different from those in the original study. The main study, including a self-reported measure of procrastination to explore the convergent evidence of the construct validity, sugge...

The current research examines the effect that framing persuasive messages in terms of self-guides (ideal vs. ought) has on the attitudes and cognitive responses of individuals with chronic ideal versus ought self-guides. The strength of participants' ideal and ought self-guides and the magnitude of participants' ideal and ought self-discrepancies were measured using a computerized reaction time...

The present study examined the relationship between willingness to communicate (WTC) and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation among Iranian intermediate learners of English. It also attempted to identify the motivational orientations which best predicted learners’ WTC. Moreover, it measured Iranian intermediate learners’ willingness to read (WTR), willingness to listen (WTL), and willingness to write...

This study examined the effect of the ZPD-based discourse scaffolding on EFL learners' co-construction of L2 metadiscourse performing collaborative writing tasks and explored the discourse scaffolding dynamics. The participants were 160 EFL students that were assigned to four different treatment conditions: (i) formal teaching, (ii) input enhancement, (iii) non-ZPD interaction, and (iv) ZPD-bas...

Although depression is characterized by low self-esteem as measured by questionnaires, research using implicit measures of self-esteem has failed to reveal the expected differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals. In this study, we used an implicit measure which enables the differentiation of ideal Self and actual Self-esteem, through the introduction of propositions: “I am” ver...