Proper evaluation of the Gibbs free energy and other properties of seawater and other aqueous solutions is essential in the analysis of desalination systems. Standard seawater has been studied extensively and property data are readily accessible. However, many aqueous solutions requiring desalination have significantly different composition from seawater and seawater data is generally not accur...

Zinc oxide thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates from an aqueous zinccontaining complex by two-stage chemical deposition (TSCD) method. Longmuir adsorption model showed that the adsorption of atoms on the surface of the substrate was typically physical. The relation between the fractional coverage, θ, with the equilibrium constant of the adsorption reaction was nonlinear indic...

This paper introduces a refined single-valued neutrosophic set (RSVNS) and presents a similarity measure of RSVNSs. Then a multicriteria decisionmaking method with RSVNS information is developed based on the similarity measure of RSVNSs. By the similarity measure between each alternative and the ideal solution (ideal alternative), all the alternatives can be ranked and the best one can be selec...

A critical discussion on non-linear steady-state concentration profiles for hydrogen diffusion in elastic metallic membranes, proposed by other authors, is provided based on mathematical analysis and numerical simulation. It is shown that the non-linear distribution is non-existent and the linear form is the only solution for the ideal solid solution phase.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All righ...

A new derivation is presented for the least squares solution of the design problem of 2-D FIR filters by minimizing the Frobenius norm of the difference between the matrices of the ideal and actual frequency responses sampled at the points of a frequency grid. The mathematical approach is based on the singular value decomposition of two complex transformation matrices. Interestingly, the design...

This paper outlines the issues around scheduling CPU-time across the Internet. Many have used market-based approaches to solve this problem, however each failed to produce a thorough, realistic solution. We offer some desired properties an ideal market-based solution would need and offer suggestions to existing solutions for satisfying these fundamental properties.

This paper investigates normal surface theory in topologically finite 3–manifolds with ideal triangulations. Treated are closed and non– compact normal surfaces, the projective solution space and the projective admissible solution space, as well as the leaf spaces of the transversely measured singular codimension–one foliations defined by admissible solutions. AMS Classification 57M25, 57N10

We derive analytically the solution for the output rate of the ideal coincidence detector. The solution is for an arbitrary number of input spike trains with identical binomial count distributions (which includes Poisson statistics as a special case) and identical arbitrary pairwise cross-correlations, from zero correlation (independent processes) to complete correlation (identical processes).