Earthquakes are feared because they often strike so suddenly. Yet, there are innumerable reports of preearthquake signals. Widespread disagreement exists in the geoscience community how these signals can be generated in the Earth’s crust and whether they are early warning signs, related to the build-up of tectonic stresses before major seismic events. Progress in understanding and eventually us...

Introduction: The discovery of substantial evaporite deposits at the Opportunity rover landing site in Meridiani Planum on Mars argues for significant interactions between liquid water and local rocks during some stage of the Martian past. However, evaporites can form under a dazzling variety of water/rock ratios, from long-term evaporation of expansive reservoirs to periodic recycling of water...

35 36 The rock type of hard-substrata marine habitats can affect numerous benthic invertebrates, but 37 little is known of the effects on molluscan assemblages, for example, the chitons often found 38 under intertidal boulders. We compared chiton assemblage composition, abundance, species 39 richness, and patterns of frequency distribution in ten boulder-fields containing either hard 40 metamor...

mafic and ultramafic plutonic igneous bodies, with small and big outcrops, between shemshak rock units (jurassic) are observed in east of imam zadeh hashem, in southern guilan province. ultramafic cumulates consist of clinopyroxenite, and plagiofer clinopyroxenite, olivine clinopyroxenite, and mafic rocks, based on mineralogy consist of gabbros, olivine gabbros, biotite gabbros and amphibole ga...

This paper explores the use of a hierarchical neuro-fuzzy model for image classification of macroscopic rock texture. The relevance of this study is to help Geologists in diagnosing and planning the oil reservoir exploitation. The same methodology can be also applied to metals, in order to classify the different types of materials based on their grain texture. We present an image classification...

Whole-rock major and trace element and O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data are reported for 3.0–0.89 Ma lamproites from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA. The two main groups of lamproites, madupitic lamproites and phlogopite lamproites, are geochemically distinct and cannot be related to one another by either fractional crystallization or crustal contamination. It seems likely that the geochemical di...

This paper reports the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the Late Permian C2, C5a, C5b, C6a, and C6b semianthracite coals from the Mahe mine, northeastern Yunnan, China. Minerals in the coals are mainly made up of quartz, chamosite, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), pyrite, and calcite; followed by anatase, dolomite, siderite, illite and marcasite. Similar to the Late Pe...