This paper considers the design of a survivable WDM network based on covering the initial network with sub-networks, which are protected independently from each other. We focus on the case where the optical WDM network is a ring, there are requests between any pair of vertices and the covering is done with small cycles. This problem can be modelled as follows: Find a covering of the edges of a ...

The activation of the efferent vestibular systemmodifies the basal discharge and the dynamic response of primary-afferent neurons to headmotion and gravitational stimuli. The efferent input to afferent neurons is mediated primarily by cholinergic synapses that activate both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Previously we had shown that themuscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor (mAChR) activationmo...

Estimation of ore reserves is one of the most critical aspects of mining geology. The accurate assessment of the tonnage and grade of run of mine may be the difference between a healthy profitable operation and an expensive early mine closure. The first step in ore reserve estimation is to determine the boundary of ore body or ore/waste contacts. This paper presents a specific mining applicatio...

The fact that the genetic alterations of PTEN are frequently found in hormone-dependent cancers, such as endometrial, breast, and prostate cancers, might suggest the involvement of PTEN in the hormone-dependent cell growth of such tumors. Estrogen promotes the cell growth of the tumors by inducing peptide growth factors in part. We analyzed the possible involvement of PTEN in peptidegrowth fact...

Transcripts encoding ERG potassium channels are expressed by most neurons of the CNS. By patch-clamp whole cell recording from Purkinje neurons in slices of young (5-9 days old) mouse cerebellum we have been able to isolate a tail current [IK(ERG)] with the same characteristics as previously described for ERG channels. In zero external Ca2+ and high K+ (40 mM) the V1/2 of activation was -50.7 m...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NADH-supplementation on the metabolic condition of isolated guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes using the pinacidil-primed IK(ATp) as an indicator of subsarcolemmal ATP concentration. Membrane currents were studied using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell recording mode at 36-37C. Under physiological conditions (4.3 mM ATP in the...

The inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK 1) conducted through Kir2.X channels contribute to repolarization of the cardiac action potential and to stabilization of the resting membrane potential in cardiomyocytes. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the recently discovered IK 1 inhibitor PA-6 on action potential repolarization and refractoriness in isolated rat hearts. Transiently tran...

Let I1, I2, . . . , In be independent indicator functions on someprobability space ( ,A,P). We suppose that these indicators can be observed sequentially. Furthermore, let T be the set of stopping times on (Ik), k = 1, . . . , n, adapted to the increasing filtration (Fk), where Fk = σ(I1, . . . , Ik). The odds algorithm solves the problem of finding a stopping time τ ∈ T which maximises the pro...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the regulatory functions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on resting potential (RP), action potential duration (APD), delayed rectifier potassium current (Ik), and inwardly rectifier potassium current (Ik1) in rat ventricular myocytes, and analyze the related anti-arrhythmia mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat ventricular myocytes were isolated by en...