febrile collected from members of both groups and serum samples were prepared. interleukin 1β concentrations were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. we found that there was a difference in serum levels of interleukin 1β between fc and control  group but  it was not  significant. this result may be due to  the low number  of samples  or  the  result  of  i...

The study aims to explore the effects of TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway on the occurrence of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative knee OA and normal cartilage samples were collected from patients with degenerative knee OA receiving total knee arthroplasty and amputation. Expressions of TLR-2, NF-κB and MMP-13 were determined by qRT-PCR and immunochemistry. The chondrocytes were di...

Perinatal inflammation and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 can modify lung morphogenesis. To examine the effects of antenatal expression of IL-1β in the distal airway epithelium on fetal lung morphogenesis, we studied lung development and surfactant expression in fetal mice expressing human IL-1β under the control of the surfactant protein (SP)-C promoter. IL-1β-expressing pups suffered respirat...

Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of a circulating myocardial depressant substance during human septic shock. We have recently identified this substance as a synergistic combination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This study utilized an in vitro cardiac myocyte assay to evaluate the potential mechanistic role of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP in depress...

OBJECTIVE P2 receptors have been implicated in the release of neurotransmitter and pro-inflammatory cytokines due to their response to neuroexcitatory substances in the microglia. Dorsal horn P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors are involved in the development of pain behavior induced by peripheral nerve injury. However, it is not known whether P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors activation is associated with the e...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major "alarm" upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects immunity and hematopoiesis by inducing cytokine cascades. In the tumor arena, IL-1 is produced by malignant or microenvironmental cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-1 is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor invasiveness but also in the control of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1α and IL-1β are the major agoni...

BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation has been linked to a failure to normalize CD4(+) T-cell numbers in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) are predictors of disease progression in treated HIV infection, it is not clear how or whether inflammatory mediators contribute to immune restoration failure. METHODS We examined ...

OBJECTIVES Antipsychotics with high weight gain-inducing propensities influence the expression of immune and neurotrophin genes, which have been independently related to obesity indices. Thus, we investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG...

Inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (IL)-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis). Whether these responses are independently licensed or are "hard-wired" consequences of caspase-1 (casp1) activity has not been clear. Here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by a "non-canonical" stimulus, th...